“…Of the 12 cases in the probably secondary category, 5 had a neoplasm [ 15 , 19 , 21 , 27 , 28 ]: a non-functioning pituitary adenoma, an ipsilateral carotid paraganglioma, an ipsilateral prolactinoma, an ipsilateral glioblastoma multiforme, and an ipsilateral hemangiopericytoma. A vascular cause, a stroke secondary to moyamoya disease, was found in 1 patient [ 29 ].…”