A possible case of necrotizing dermatitis in the crocodylian<i>Diplocynodon</i>, from the Oligocene of the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom

Wolff, E; Fowler, Denver W.; Bonde, Joshua W.

doi:10.1080/08912960600885631

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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Section: Osteoderm Pathologiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The erosive nature of the superficial surface of this osteoderm may be related to infectious or parasitic causes (Wolff et al, 2007). Erosive bone surfaces were recognized by Wolff et al (2007) in two crocodilian osteoderms, and interpreted as a possible case of necrotizing dermatitis. The cavities developed in the titanosaur osteoderm are, nevertheless, different from those described for the crocodilian osteoderms, where the specimen bears a porous, erosive branching channel that distorts over 60% of the preserved superficial surface area (Wolff et al, 2007).…”

Section: Osteoderm Pathologiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Erosive bone surfaces were recognized by Wolff et al (2007) in two crocodilian osteoderms, and interpreted as a possible case of necrotizing dermatitis. The cavities developed in the titanosaur osteoderm are, nevertheless, different from those described for the crocodilian osteoderms, where the specimen bears a porous, erosive branching channel that distorts over 60% of the preserved superficial surface area (Wolff et al, 2007). Erosive cavities have been also reported in the osteoderms of extant crocodiles and have been interpreted as cases of osteomalacia (Klein et al, 2009).…”

Section: Osteoderm Pathologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology, microanatomy, and histology of titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) osteoderms from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia

Cerda

García

Powell

et al. 2015

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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4M edicos Asociados de Tucum an (MATSA), Laprida 533, (4000) Tucum an, Argentina, osclopez@tucbbs.com.ar ABSTRACT-Titanosaurs are the only group of sauropodomorph dinosaurs that possesses osteoderms. The Anacleto and Allen formations (Upper Cretaceous) from northern Patagonia (Argentina) have provided an abundance of these elements, isolated or associated with more or less complete skeletons. Here, we study the morphology, microanatomy, and histology of titanosaur osteoderms found in these stratigraphic units. The size and gross anatomy of the osteoderms are strongly variable, as well as their microanatomy, which ranges from compact structures to those with strong development of cancellous bone. The primary bone tissue is composed of structural fiber bundles that are ossified by dermal metaplasia. Bone pathologies were identified in at least two osteoderms. Bone histology suggests that the osteoderms were entirely imbedded in the stratum compactum of the dermis. Titanosaur osteoderms were probably employed for multiple functions, including mineral storage and defense.

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Section: Osteoderm Pathologiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Osteoderm Pathologiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Osteoderm Pathologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology, microanatomy, and histology of titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) osteoderms from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia

Cerda

García

Powell

et al. 2015

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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“…Up to now, the most common pathologies proposed in the literature for crocodylian fossil taxa include joint lesions Erickson 1985, 1998;Rothschild 2008), infections (Sawyer and Erickson 1985;Rothschild 2008), exostoses (Sawyer and Erickson 1998), tumors (Rothschild 2008), fractures Erickson 1985, 1998;Rothschild 2008;Mackness et al 2010) and unspecific injuries (e.g. Neill 1971), digital proliferative osteitis (Martínez-Silvestre et al 2015), spondylitis deformans (Ruffer 1920) and necrotizing dermatitis (Wolff et al 2007). In addition, several diseases have also been identified in non-crocodylian fossil crocodyliforms (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On a cranial bony nodular protuberance on Mourasuchus pattersoni Cidade et al. 2017 (Crocodylia, Alligatoroidea) from the late Miocene of Venezuela

et al. 2017

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Mourasuchus pattersoni, from the late Miocene Urumaco Formation of Venezuela, is the fourth and most recent species described for the genus. The holotype, and only known specimen, is comprised of an almost complete skull with both mandibular rami and several postcranial remains. In ventral view, the right palatine bone has a spherical, nodular bony protuberance located on the anterior portion, near the suture with the maxilla. Unfortunately, we cannot assign a specific diagnosis based only on macroscopic inspection. Its appearance, form and location are compatible with three conditions: torus palatinus, a common benign intraoral bone overgrowth; osteoma, a benign neoplasical overgrowth of the bone; and hamartoma, an overgrowth of normal bone tissue that can only be differed from an osteoma by histological features. While occurrences of torus palatinus or hamartomas are not yet known in the nonhominid vertebrate fossil record, there are previous records of osteomas in fossil vertebrates, including in crocodylians, such as a specimen assigned to 'Crocodylus sp. ' from the Eocene, aside from several records for living crocodylians. Future studies are needed to uncover an accurate diagnosis of this unusual structure and help increase our knowledge of paleopathology in fossil crocodylomorphs in general, especially in the Caimaninae clade.

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“…Thus, the correct identification of a palaeopathology can be helpful to our understanding of the origin, distribution, and evolution of a disease, and at the same time, help to understand a number of issues such as predator−prey relationships, intraspecific interactions, and disease or trauma experienced by an animal (e.g. Rothschild & Martin, 1993; Rothschild et al ., 1998; Sawyer & Erickson, 1998; Tanke & Currie, 1998; Rothschild, Witzke & Hershkovitz, 1999; Hanna, 2002; Wolff, Fowler & Bonde, 2007). However, when studying diseases in fossil remains one of the major problems that we find is distinguishing them from biostratinomic and diagenetic damage (post‐mortem abnormal modifications resulting from mechanical, environmental, biological, and/or chemical processes).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological features and insect boring marks in a crocodyliform from the Bauru Basin, Cretaceous of Brazil

Cabral

Riff

Kellner

et al. 2011

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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The type specimen of Stratiotosuchus maxhechti (DGM 1477‐R), a baurusuchid mesoeucrocodylian from the Bauru Basin (Upper Cretaceous of Brazil) displays some abnormalities that are here described. The holotype was examined macroscopically and compared with other skeletal elements of S. maxhechti and Baurusuchus salgadoensis (UFRJ DG 288‐R). After this analysis, the elements with signs of alterations were subjected to a computed tomography (CT) scan exam which gave more information about them. The medial and proximal thirds of the right metacarpal V show an extensive bone growth, which modified the normal form of this element. The left metatarsals I and II exhibit an abnormal bone callus covering part of the medial third of the distal end. Based on their morphology these features are regarded as the result of two injuries of distinct natures. In the right metacarpal V, the presence of a large bone callus and a fracture, with two possible causes: post‐traumatic infection or tumour. In the metatarsal I and II a case of stress fracture with a marked bone callus. Additionally, insect boring marks in the left ulna and right and left tibia of the same specimen were observed, which could be confused with pathologies. These bone changes may provide additional clues about the palaeoenvironment, such as habitat conditions, in which the specimen studied here lived. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 163, S140–S151.

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A possible case of necrotizing dermatitis in the crocodylianDiplocynodon, from the Oligocene of the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Morphology, microanatomy, and histology of titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) osteoderms from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia

Morphology, microanatomy, and histology of titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) osteoderms from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia

On a cranial bony nodular protuberance on Mourasuchus pattersoni Cidade et al. 2017 (Crocodylia, Alligatoroidea) from the late Miocene of Venezuela

Pathological features and insect boring marks in a crocodyliform from the Bauru Basin, Cretaceous of Brazil

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