A possible 150 million years old cirripede crustacean nauplius and the phenomenon of giant larvae

Nagler, Christina; Høeg, Jens T.; Haug, Carolin; Haug, Joachim T.

doi:10.1163/18759866-08603002

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The consistent morphology of the four phenotypes indicates that these specimens acquired adult morphology during the postembryonic development. Therefore, it is less likely that the significantly increased five-segment specimens represented “giant larval” as seen in the extant and extinct crustacean larvae ( Gundi et al., 2020 ; Nagler et al., 2017 ). The size decrease during the postembryonic development is presently unknown among extant and extinct arthropods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental dynamics is revealed in the early Cambrian arthropod Chuandianella ovata

Liu

Zhang

2022

iScience

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Summary Segmentation and tagmatization have contributed to the preeminent success of arthropods since their first appearance in the Cambrian. However, the exact mechanism of segmentogenesis is still insufficiently known in living and extinct groups. Here, we describe the postembryonic development of a Waptiid arthropod Chuandianella ovata from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China. The new data illuminate a complex dynamic pattern of anamorphosis and epimorphosis, and a three-step process of segmentogenesis, i.e., the elongation of the terminal segment, delineation of an incipient segment, and full separation of a new segment. Compensatory growth is accomplished by rapid growth of new segments and/or generation of additional segments, which results in the trimorphism of the posterior tagma. Such complex developmental dynamics has rarely been known in the arthropod fossil record and its presence in early history helps to understand the rapid diversification of arthropods in the early Cambrian.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental dynamics is revealed in the early Cambrian arthropod Chuandianella ovata

Liu

Zhang

2022

iScience

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“…The size of the smallest Pakucaris is similar only to the biggest giant eucrustacean larvae (Haug & Haug 32; Nagler et al . 58). In addition, no other bigger and morphologically similar specimens that could represent posterior ontogenetic stages exist in the same community (Caron et al .…”

Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Burgess Shale mandibulate arthropod with a pygidium: a case of convergent evolution

Izquierdo-López

Caron

2021

Papers in Palaeontology

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Cambrian bivalved arthropods are a polyphyletic group of carapace-bearing arthropods that includes stem euarthropods, stem mandibulates and crustaceans. Here, we describe Pakucaris apatis gen. et sp. nov., a new stem mandibulate bivalved arthropod from the middle Cambrian (Wuliuan Stage) Burgess Shale (Marble Canyon, Kootenay National Park, British Columbia, Canada). Two morphotypes of this small arthropod (11.6-26.6 mm long) are recognized, which differ mainly in their size and number of segments, possibly reflecting sexual dimorphism or different anamorphic stages. The carapace presents a dorsal crest extending anteriorly into a small recurved rostrum and two anterolateral processes. Around 20% of the posteriormost body segments and limbs are covered by a large spine-bearing shield. The head bears a pair of eyes, a possible pair of unsegmented appendicular projections and two pairs of segmented appendages. The thorax is multisegmented, homonomous, with weakly sclerotized segments bearing biramous limbs, composed of a stenopodous endopod with c. 20 podomeres and a paddle-shaped exopod. Pakucaris is interpreted as a nektobenthic suspension feeder. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis implies a position within Hymenocarina as stem mandibulates. The posterior shield is regarded as a pygidium, and represents a case of morphofunctional convergent evolution between mandibulates, artiopodans and mollisoniids. Furthermore, Pakucaris adds to a growing number of pygidium-bearing arthropods, potentially hinting at a common developmental pattern across early arthropod evolution. This study not only increases our understanding of the early evolution of mandibulates, but also illustrates a unique case of early evolutionary convergence during the Cambrian Explosion.

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“…Giant larvae occur in different crustacean ingroups, also in different ingroups of Decapoda [4]. Normally the zoea and megalopa reach a length of only a few millimeters, yet there are exceptions such as larvae of species of Aristidae (prawns) that measure up to 12 mm [79], of Polychelida that can even reach more than 100 mm in their megalopa stages [6,34], or of Achelata with phyllosoma larvae of up to 150 mm leg span [5].…”

Section: Size and Macroplanktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larvae reaching more than 20 mm of total body length occur in various crustacean groups (reviewed in [4]). Most prominent examples occur in three groups: Meiuran crustaceans possess a large variety of different larval forms with very different morphologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant planktic larvae of anomalan crustaceans and their unusual compound eyes

et al. 2020

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Crustacean larvae are usually recognised as small organisms, below one millimeter body size. However, in different crustacean groups such as Stomatopoda, Polychelida, or Achelata, also very large larvae occur with sizes of 20 mm and beyond. Also from few meiuran species ("short-tailed" crustaceans, including crabs, hermit crabs, or squat lobsters), rather large larvae are known, though still considerably smaller than 20 mm. We present here two specimens of anomalan meiuran larvae, each with a total length of 24 mm, which by far exceed the previously known/ reported maximum sizes of meiuran larvae. Yet, both specimens exhibit characters that indicate their identity as zoea larvae (first larval phase with several stages), most likely shortly before the metamorphosis to the megalopa (second larval phase with one stage). Due to this early developmental state, it is difficult to provide a narrower systematic identification of the larvae. In addition to the description of the developmental status of all appendages, we also investigated the gizzard and especially the compound eyes. The latter possess a mixture of hexagonal, intermediate, and square-shaped facets in an unusual arrangement. We documented the exact arrangement of the facets in both specimens and discuss the possible restructuring during metamorphosis. The arrangement of the different types of facets indicates that transformation to an adult eye structure takes place over several moults and that the facets are being rearranged in this process. The findings demonstrate that also meiuran larvae contribute to the fraction of the macro-plankton.

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A possible 150 million years old cirripede crustacean nauplius and the phenomenon of giant larvae

Cited by 10 publications

References 76 publications

Developmental dynamics is revealed in the early Cambrian arthropod Chuandianella ovata

Developmental dynamics is revealed in the early Cambrian arthropod Chuandianella ovata

A Burgess Shale mandibulate arthropod with a pygidium: a case of convergent evolution

Giant planktic larvae of anomalan crustaceans and their unusual compound eyes

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