A Positive Regulatory Role for <i>LjERF1</i> in the Nodulation Process Is Revealed by Systematic Analysis of Nodule-Associated Transcription Factors of <i>Lotus japonicus</i>

Asamizu, Erika; Shimoda, Yoshikazu; Kouchi, Hiroshi; Tabata, Satoshi; Sato, Shusei

doi:10.1104/pp.108.118141

Cited by 62 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…ERN and two other closely related ERFs, designated ERN2 and 3, were also found to bind to the NF-box, a cis-element driving NF induction of the early nodulation marker gene Mt ENOD11, using a yeast onehybrid screen (Andriankaja et al, 2007). Finally, an ERF protein distinct from ERNs was also recently shown to be a positive factor of early nodulation stages in L. japonicus (Asamizu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EFD is also different from Lj ERF1 (Asamizu et al, 2008), considering different criteria: Lj ERF1 belongs to a distinct ERF group (group IX in the classification of Nakano et al, 2006); Lj ERF1 is upregulated much earlier and only in root epidermis following Mesorhizobium loti inoculation (without any expression in nodules); Lj ERF1 seems to be a positive regulator of early nodulation processes, based notably on RNAi and overexpression experiments (Asamizu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Efd a New Erf Transcription Factor Linked To Symbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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EFD Is an ERF Transcription Factor Involved in the Control of Nodule Number and Differentiation inMedicago truncatula

et al. 2008

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Mechanisms regulating legume root nodule development are still poorly understood, and very few regulatory genes have been cloned and characterized. Here, we describe EFD (for ethylene response factor required for nodule differentiation), a gene that is upregulated during nodulation in Medicago truncatula. The EFD transcription factor belongs to the ethylene response factor (ERF) group V, which contains ERN1, 2, and 3, three ERFs involved in Nod factor signaling. The role of EFD in the regulation of nodulation was examined through the characterization of a null deletion mutant (efd-1), RNA interference, and overexpression studies. These studies revealed that EFD is a negative regulator of root nodulation and infection by Rhizobium and that EFD is required for the formation of functional nitrogen-fixing nodules. EFD appears to be involved in the plant and bacteroid differentiation processes taking place beneath the nodule meristem. We also showed that EFD activated Mt RR4, a cytokinin primary response gene that encodes a type-A response regulator. We propose that EFD induction of Mt RR4 leads to the inhibition of cytokinin signaling, with two consequences: the suppression of new nodule initiation and the activation of differentiation as cells leave the nodule meristem. Our work thus reveals a key regulator linking early and late stages of nodulation and suggests that the regulation of the cytokinin pathway is important both for nodule initiation and development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Efd a New Erf Transcription Factor Linked To Symbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

EFD Is an ERF Transcription Factor Involved in the Control of Nodule Number and Differentiation inMedicago truncatula

et al. 2008

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“…S2). While LjCBF-A22 was slightly induced several hours after bacterial inoculation, MtHAP2.1 and LjCBF-A01 expression was strongly induced in nodules (Combier et al, 2006;Asamizu et al, 2008). Among the four soybean genes identified, Glyma10g10240 was strongly and consistently up-regulated during soybean nodulation, while Glyma02g35190 expression was significantly induced during the earlier steps of nodule development (Supplemental Table S4).…”

Section: Expression Pattern Of Putative Soybean Regulatory Genes Durimentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Among them, Glyma02g35190 and Glyma10g10240 are homologous to M. truncatula HAP2.1 and its L. japonicus homologs CBF-A01 and CBF-A22 (Asamizu et al, 2008). To enlarge our investigation to other soybean genes sharing sequence similarity to MtHAP2.1, we BLAST searched the MtHAP2.1 protein sequence against soybean genomic sequences.…”

Section: Expression Pattern Of Putative Soybean Regulatory Genes Durimentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Analysis of Putative Soybean Regulatory Gene Expression Identifies a Myb Gene Involved in Soybean Nodule Development

et al. 2009

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Nodulation is the result of a symbiosis between legumes and rhizobial bacteria in soil. This symbiosis is mutually beneficial, with the bacteria providing a source of nitrogen to the host while the plant supplies carbon to the symbiont. Nodule development is a complex process that is tightly regulated in the host plant cell through networks of gene expression. In order to examine this regulation in detail, a library of quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction primer sets was developed for a large number of soybean (Glycine max) putative regulatory genes available in the current expressed sequence tag collection. This library contained primers specific to soybean transcription factor genes as well as genes involved in chromatin modification and translational regulation. Using this library, we analyzed the expression of this gene set during nodule development. A large number of genes were found to be differentially expressed, especially at the later stages of nodule development when active nitrogen fixation was occurring. Expression of these putative regulatory genes was also analyzed in response to the addition of nitrate as a nitrogen source. This comparative analysis identified genes that may be specifically involved in nitrogen assimilation, metabolism, and the maintenance of active nodules. To address this possibility, the expression of one such candidate was studied in more detail by expressing in soybean roots promoter β-glucuronidase and green fluorescent protein fusions. This gene, named Control of Nodule Development (CND), encoded a Myb transcription factor gene. When the CND gene was silenced, nodulation was reduced. These results, associated with a strong expression of the CND gene in the vascular tissues, suggest a role for CND in controlling soybean nodulation.

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“…1 It is undoubtedly an important piece in plant's armory against pathogen attacks as well as response to beneficial bacteria such as nitrogen fixing rhizobactearia (e.g., ethylene transduction pathway represses nodule formation in legumes 2,3 ). How these bacteria can affect the plant ethylene signaling pathway?…”

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confidence: 99%

PGPR-Arabidopsis interactions is a useful system to study signaling pathways involved in plant developmental control

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et al. 2009

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Using their 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity, many rhizobacteria can divert ACC from the ethylene biosynthesis pathway in plant roots. To investigate the role of this microbial activity in plant responses to plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), we analyzed the effects of acdS knock-out and wild-type PGPR strains on two phenotypic responses to inoculation-root hair elongation and root system architecture-in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our work shows that rhizobacterial AcdS activity has a negative effect on root hair elongation, as expected from the reduction of ethylene production rate in root cells, while it has no impact on root system architecture. This suggests that PGPR triggered root hair elongation is independent of ethylene biosynthesis or signaling pathway. In addition, it does indicate that AcdS activity alters local regulatory processes, but not systemic regulations such as those that control root architecture. Our work also indicates that root hair elongation induced by PGPR inoculation is probably an auxin-independent mechanism. These findings were unexpected since genetic screens for abnormal root hair development mutants led to the isolation of ethylene and auxin mutants. Our work hence shows that studying the interaction between a PGPR and the model plant Arabidopsis is a useful system to uncover new pathways involved in plant plasticity.The implication of ethylene signaling in the responses of plants to biotic interactions is well recognized. 1 It is undoubtedly an important piece in plant's armory against pathogen attacks as well as response to beneficial bacteria such as nitrogen fixing rhizobactearia (e.g., ethylene transduction pathway represses nodule formation in legumes 2,3 ). How these bacteria can affect the plant ethylene signaling pathway? Most of them are proteobacteria that harbor in their genome a gene (AcdS) coding for an ACC deaminase. During the plant bacteria interaction, ACDS is thought to metabolize the ethylene precursor ACC. As such, it is generally admitted that much of the ACC produced by the plant ACC synthase (ACS) activity in roots may be exuded in the rhizosphere, where it will be taken up by the rhizobacteria and subsequently hydrolyzed by AcdS. 4 This should decrease ACC content in root and predictably ethylene biosynthesis, hence partially release the negative regulation exerted by this gaseous hormone on root development and ultimately plant growth. 4 It should also diminish defense mechanisms and thus favors the interaction of bacteria with plants. This is an attractive hypothesis which started to get some momentum since either introducing an AcdS gene or removing it, stimulates or respectively affects the interaction with the plant. [5][6][7][8][9] The in vitro inoculation of plant mineral media with efficient PGPR strains leads to characteristic morphogenetic responses of the root system. Probably the most extensively described of these phenotypes consists of more numerous and/or longer lateral roots. [10][11][12] However, even ...

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A Positive Regulatory Role for LjERF1 in the Nodulation Process Is Revealed by Systematic Analysis of Nodule-Associated Transcription Factors of Lotus japonicus

Cited by 62 publications

References 35 publications

EFD Is an ERF Transcription Factor Involved in the Control of Nodule Number and Differentiation inMedicago truncatula

EFD Is an ERF Transcription Factor Involved in the Control of Nodule Number and Differentiation inMedicago truncatula

Large-Scale Analysis of Putative Soybean Regulatory Gene Expression Identifies a Myb Gene Involved in Soybean Nodule Development

PGPR-Arabidopsis interactions is a useful system to study signaling pathways involved in plant developmental control

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