A positive C-isotope excursion induced by sea-level fall in the middle Capitanian of South China

Cao, Changqun; Cui, Can; Chen, Jun; Summons, Roger E.; Shen, Shu-zhong; Zhang, Hua

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.06.010

Cited by 33 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Biomarker data show that marine productivity at these sites was reduced only briefly (~10 2 –10 3 years; Sepúlveda, Wendler, Summons, et al, ). Additionally, local processes involving lithofacies controls cannot be ruled out (Cao et al, ; Richardson et al, ), although all sections transition to a clay‐rich boundary layer in the earliest Danian. In general, the more rapid recovery of the CIEs toward more northern latitudes in our sites appears to be consistent with the possibility of an overall reduced ecological perturbation at higher latitudes (Alegret & Thomas, ; Barrera & Keller, ; Hollis et al, ; Jiang et al, ; Keller et al, ), although this is not universally accepted (Witts et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Isotope Constraints on Marine Productivity Across the Cretaceous‐Paleogene Mass Extinction

Sepúlveda

Alegret

Thomas

et al. 2019

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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The effects of the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K/Pg) mass extinction (~66 Ma) on marine primary and export productivity remain debated. We studied changes in carbon and nitrogen cycling in eight neritic and upper bathyal sections with expanded K/Pg boundary clay layers in the western Tethys and northeastern Atlantic Ocean, by measuring stable carbon isotopes of bulk carbonate (δ 13 C carb ) and organic matter (δ 13 C org ), nitrogen isotopes in bulk organic matter (δ 15 N), and selected compound-specific carbon isotopic records (δ 13 C lipid ). Negative carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) in δ 13 C carb , δ 13 C org, and δ 13 C lipid are temporally and spatially heterogeneous as well as decoupled from each other, suggesting that factors affecting the δ 13 C of dissolved inorganic carbon, as well as isotopic fractionation during carbon fixation across the K/Pg, are more complex than commonly assumed. The negative CIEs in δ 13 C org and δ 13 C lipid at each site are smaller in amplitude and shorter in duration than those in δ 13 C carb , but in most sections both carbon pools recovered to preboundary conditions within the time of deposition of the boundary clay layer (<10 3 -10 4 Kyr) or shortly thereafter. This rapid recovery is supported by limited δ 15 N data, which mostly suggests moderate or minor changes in redox conditions (except in Denmark), marine productivity, and phytoplanktonic nitrate utilization in the earliest Danian. Our results indicate that carbon cycling and primary productivity in neritic and upper bathyal regions recovered to preboundary levels faster (<10 4 Kyr) than in oceanic regions (10 5 -10 6 years), likely sustained by resilient noncalcifying phytoplankton with resting stages, consistent with modeling and proxy studies.Plain Language Summary Sixty-six million years ago, at the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene Periods (K/Pg boundary), a meteorite impacted the Earth during a time of active volcanism causing the mass extinction of marine and terrestrial species. Despite decades of research, the consequences of the mass extinction to marine photosynthesis and the cycling of carbon in the ocean remain contentious. We investigated the light and heavy stable isotopes of carbon preserved in rocks of ancient seafloor along continental margins of the western Tethys and northeastern Atlantic Oceans to establish for how long the cycling of carbon may have been disrupted. Our results indicate that the response of marine productivity and carbon cycling following the impact was heterogenous for thousands and tens of thousands of years but that it recovered to pre-K/Pg boundary levels hundreds of thousands of years earlier than open ocean regions. We suggest that resilient phytoplankton without carbonate skeletons living along continental margins may have recolonized surface waters relatively quickly after this mass extinction event.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Isotope Constraints on Marine Productivity Across the Cretaceous‐Paleogene Mass Extinction

Sepúlveda

Alegret

Thomas

et al. 2019

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol

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“…It was suggested to have been caused by exceptionally high levels of marine primary productivity and lower atmospheric CO 2 concentration that led possibly to a long-time climatic cooling (Isozaki, 2009;Isozaki et al, 2007;Shi et al, 2016). Other similar Cisotope records of the 'Kamura event' were reported at some lowlatitude regions, including the mid-Panthalassa, the western and eastern end of Palaeo-Tethys, and the western margin of Pangea facing eastern Panthalassa Cao et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2011;Isozaki, Aljinovi c, & Kawahata, 2011;Korte et al, 2005). The Luduba δ 13 C values show a general broad positive excursion of +5.0‰ that peaks at the upper part of Maokou Formation (Capitanian stage) correlated with the minimum 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio (Figure 3).…”

Section: The Relationship Between Capitanian Regression and Low 87 mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Zhang et al (2020) argued against the global nature of the ‘Kamura Event’ and the associated distinct productivity but attributed the δ 13 C positive excursions to a marked decline in chemical weathering rates on Pangea and associated reduction in carbonate burial based on the biogeochemical model of Shields and Mills (2017). Cao et al (2018) pointed a non‐synchronized δ 13 C positive excursions from the Rencunping section (Figure 1b), which is correlated with the early J. prexuanhanensis conodont zone (Figure 2), although the excursion begins earlier in the Capitanian of the Xiongjiachang and Gongchuan sections (Figure 1b; Bond, Wignall, et al, 2010) and the δ 13 C positive excursions might, therefore, represent a regional response to lithofacies changes. Unfortunately, due to the lack of accurate biostratigraphic restrictions, the positive δ 13 C shift in Luduba section cannot be equivalent to the conodont zone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Kani et al (2013) suggested a possible scenario, which was that when glacial ice sheets extensively cover continental crusts, the surface erosion/weathering was significantly suppressed. However, the exact timing of the glacial–interglacial events in the Middle Permian (P3 and P4; Figure 8) remains disputed (Fielding et al, 2008; Frank, Shultis, & Fielding, 2015; Garbelli et al, 2019; Metcalfe, Crowley, Nicoll, & Schmitz, 2015), and there is a debate about both the origin and timing of this positive δ 13 C shift and global cooling event (e.g., Bond, Hilton, et al, 2010; Bond, Wignall, et al, 2010; Cao et al, 2018; Jost et al, 2014; Zhang et al, 2020). Bond, Hilton, et al (2010) and Jost et al (2014) suggested that the low degree of petrographic and geochemical preservation of some of those carbonates may make the diagenetic overprint argue against the reliability of their δ 13 C record for the Kamura signatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Early–Middle Permian witnessed several dramatic changes in the ocean and terrestrial systems (Cao et al, 2018; Huang, Hou, Qing, et al, 2019; Lan & Chen, 2010; Liu, Jarochowska, Du, Vachard, & Munnecke, 2017; Shen et al, 2018; Shi, Feng, Shen, Ito, & Chen, 2016), including the transition from assembly to dispersal of the Supercontinent Pangea (Angiolini, Crippa, Muttoni, & Pignatti, 2013; Muttoni et al, 2009), drastic eustatic sea‐level changes (Chen, George, & Yang, 2009; Chen, Jin, & Shi, 1998; Haq & Schutter, 2008; Qiu, Wang, Zou, Yan, & Wei, 2014; Wang, Li, Chen, & Tan, 1999), rapid changes in geomagnetic polarity reversal in the Late Guadalupian (Isozaki, 2009; Isozaki & Aljinović, 2009), the end‐Guadalupian mass extinction (Bond et al, 2015; Chen et al, 2009; Huang, Chen, Wignall, et al, 2019; Huang, Chen, Zhao, et al, 2019; Isozaki & Aljinović, 2009; Xu, Chung, Shao, & He, 2010), and severe volcanic events that may be related to the tectonic rifting (Huang et al, 2018; Shellnutt, 2014; Xu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early–Middle Permian strontium isotope stratigraphy of marine carbonates from the northern marginal areas of South China: Controlling factors and implications

Azmy

Yang

et al. 2020

Geological Journal

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The radiogenic strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) system is a powerful tool for constraining sea‐level change and palaeoclimatic variations as well as tectonic activities. The Permian is a period that records the lowest seawater Sr‐isotopic ratios in the Earth's history. The near‐primary geochemical signatures retained in the micritic carbonates of the Luduba section (uppermost lower to Middle Permian) on the northern margin of the South China Block allowed the reconstruction of reliable carbon and Sr‐isotope profiles for global chemostratigraphic correlations. The investigated interval (~300 m) spans the Chihsia and overlying Maokou formations (Kungurian to Capitanian series). The 87Sr/86Sr values decrease consistently upward from 0.70833 to 0.70684, and their trend correlates well with a long‐term increase in the carbon isotope (δ13C) values. The negative correlation between the 87Sr/86Sr and δ13C values suggests that the sea‐level change, climatic conditions, opening of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean, and accretion of the Pangean Supercontinent are among the factors that might have contributed to the consistent depletion of the 87Sr/86Sr values. The rate of upward decrease in 87Sr/86Sr values throughout the Chihsia Formation is generally higher than that of the overlying Maokou Formation, which provides a possible marker for intra‐ and interbasinal basin stratigraphic correlations. The general increase in the δ13C values of the Luduba profile peaks at ~5‰, which correlates with the distinct lowest 87Sr/86Sr value (~0.70684) near the top of the Maokou Formation (Upper Capitanian). The δ13C values decrease to 3.6‰ at the top of the Maokou Formation, that correlates with the rapid sea‐level drop in the Late Guadaualupian worldwide. Meanwhile, the87Sr/86Sr ratios remain low values, probably due to the development of cold climate, increasing input of hydrothermal flux and low terrestrial runoff.

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Permian Large Igneous Provinces and Their Paleoenvironmental Effects

Chen

2021

Geophysical Monograph Series

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The Permian Period was characterized by a series of large-scale volcanic eruptions, including the emplacement of at least five mafic Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs: Skagerrak-Centered, Tarim, Panjal, Emeishan, and Siberian) and two silicic LIPs (Kennedy-Connors-Auburn and Choiyoi). Global climate change from a glacial (icehouse) state in the latest Carboniferous-Early Permian to nonglacial (greenhouse) state in the Late Permian and Permian-Triassic interval, and major biotic change such as the end-Guadalupian and end-Permian mass extinctions, also occurred in this interval. Whether these climate and biotic changes, along with other paleoenvironmental perturbations (e.g., carbon cycle, ocean chemistry, and terrestrial weathering), were triggered by or in certain ways associated with contemporaneous LIP volcanism need to be examined on a case-by-case basis. In this chapter, we summarize some recent advances in the studies of the Permian LIPs, contemporary paleoenvironmental conditions, and their potential associations with biodiversity changes, especially the end-Guadalupian and end-Permian mass extinctions. Our analyses suggest (1) high volume of volcanic products, (2) short duration, and (3) widespread sill intrusions that led to contact metamorphism with wall rocks (e.g., evaporates, organic-rich sediments, petroleum reservoir) are the pivotal factors determining the paleoenvironmental effects of LIP volcanism. The combination of these three characteristics enabled the Siberian Traps volcanism to be the most deadly, and potentially can affect the contemporaneous environment and biota on a global scale. Other mafic and silicic LIPs in the Permian, by contrast, either do not possess any of, or are only partly in accord with, these determining factors. Therefore, their impact on contemporaneous climate and ecosystem is limited.

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A positive C-isotope excursion induced by sea-level fall in the middle Capitanian of South China

Cited by 33 publications

References 58 publications

Stable Isotope Constraints on Marine Productivity Across the Cretaceous‐Paleogene Mass Extinction

Stable Isotope Constraints on Marine Productivity Across the Cretaceous‐Paleogene Mass Extinction

Early–Middle Permian strontium isotope stratigraphy of marine carbonates from the northern marginal areas of South China: Controlling factors and implications

Permian Large Igneous Provinces and Their Paleoenvironmental Effects

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