A Portrait of Hunger, the Social Safety Net, and the Working Poor

Berner, Maureen; Ozer, Trina; Paynter, Sharon

doi:10.1111/j.1541-0072.2008.00274.x

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…This finding affirms previous research revealing that income poverty measures underestimate the hardship condition of some working poor households (Berner, Ozer, & Paynter, 2008;Beverly, 2001a;Bradshaw & Finch, 2003;Kim et al, 2015). Working adults with low but above-poverty-level earnings have been ineligible for welfare benefits such as cash, medical, educational, and housing benefits because Korean social security system restricts its recipients to families in deep poverty and cannot cover the poor population in general (J.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…By testing the association between a household's hardship conditions and income poverty status, studies found that material hardship was more prevalent than the income poverty, and the income poor did not necessarily overlap with those who suffer from a lack of basic necessities (Berner, Ozer, & Paynter, 2008;Beverly, 2001a;Bradshaw & Finch, 2003;Chou & Lee, 2017;Dhongde & Haveman, 2016;Iceland & Bauman, 2007; S. R. Lee, 2011;Mayer & Jencks, 1989;Short, 2005). Accordingly, they suggest that hardship may be caused by other economic factors besides income such as home ownership, access to credit, income of previous year besides the current income, and in-kind welfare benefits (Beverly, 2001a;Bradshaw & Finch, 2003;Mayer & Jencks, 1989;Short, 2005).…”

Section: Materials Hardship and Income Povertymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asset Poverty and Material Hardship in South Korea

Weon¹,

Rothwell²

2017

Preprint

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Decades of research and experience with anti-poverty programs around the world have revealed that there is more to poverty than simply maintaining a certain income level. However, until recently, poverty analysis in Korea has been mostly based on income. This study examines the multidimensional living conditions of the poor and its causes in Korea by testing the association between the material hardship and asset and income poverty. Material hardship is a direct poverty measure to identify the poor as those whose actual consumption fails to meet the basic needs. The main purpose of this study is to contribute to our understanding of the living conditions of the poor and the causes of material hardship including food, housing, utilities, and health hardship. Using the binary logistic regression analysis, this study found that households who were poor only in assets (and not income) were more likely than households who were income poor but not asset poor to experience all types of material hardship except for food. This finding suggests that the asset poor are more vulnerable to material hardship than is estimated by the income poverty measure. We describe how future research needs to expand hardship measures to encompass various living conditions in relation to the current Korean social context. This study implies that policy responses to poverty could be improved to the extent they consider the type and amount of a household’s available economic resources.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Materials Hardship and Income Povertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Asset Poverty and Material Hardship in South Korea

Weon¹,

Rothwell²

2017

Preprint

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“…Dhongde and Haveman () found that almost 30% of the individuals in their study with incomes slightly above the poverty threshold experienced adverse life conditions related to health, education, and social relations. Berner et al () and Beverly () also reported that working householders were sometimes more vulnerable to material hardship than non‐working householders, even when the working ones had higher incomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reveal what causes material hardship, previous research has tested the association between a household’s hardship conditions and income poverty status. These studies have shown that income poverty does not necessarily overlap with those who suffer from material hardship (Berner, Ozer, & Paynter, ; Beverly, ; Bradshaw & Finch, ; Chou & Lee, ; Dhongde & Haveman, ; Iceland & Bauman, ; Lee, ; Mayer & Jencks, ; Short, ). In Mayer and Jencks' () study, a family’s official income‐to‐needs ratio (annual family income divided by the family's official poverty threshold) explained only 24% of the variance in the amount of material hardship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between poverty indicators and material hardship in South Korea

Weon

Rothwell

2019

Int J Soc Welfare

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The construct of material hardship has been introduced to broaden the understanding of living conditions beyond household income. However, much remains unclear about how much variation in material hardship can be explained by income and other economic indicators such as asset holdings. To get advance knowledge on these related but distinct relationships, using the Korean Welfare Panel Study we tested the association between material hardship and three poverty indicators (joint income‐asset, asset‐only, and income‐only). For income poverty and asset poverty, we found a statistically significant association between a household’s poverty condition and material hardship. The joint income‐asset poor were most likely to experience hardship (with respect to food, utility, and health). In addition, householders who rented rather than owned their own home, and householders whose heads were younger, single, less‐educated, and only temporarily employed suffered more hardship than their counterparts. Future longitudinal research that identifies the casual relationships between poverty and hardship is needed. Key Practitioner Message: •Considering only overall hardship may mask within‐group differences in living conditions; thus, practitioners may gain greater insight into client populations by assessing various types of hardships such as food, utility, and health; •Because the asset‐only poor suffer from hardship despite their above‐poverty‐level income, the asset poverty‐related programs should be more responsive to the problems of the asset poor; •Based on our findings showing that the income‐only poor, especially the relatively older age group, suffers from difficulties in cash flow despite their high homeownership rate, policies are needed to help older homeowners leverage their home equity or other real estate to alleviate their financial difficulties.

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“…Nationally, North Carolina ranks 12th in terms of food-insecure children, with 27.3% of the state's children (618,200) categorized as food insecure and 19.3% of individuals overall categorized as food insecure (13,16). Although government assistance is available to some, it is not sufficient for many families, leaving them to seek out emergency food providers (2,9,23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluating North Carolina Food Pantry Food Safety-Related Operating Procedures

Chaifetz

Chapman

2015

Journal of Food Protection

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Almost one in seven American households were food insecure in 2012, experiencing difficulty in providing enough food for all family members due to a lack of resources. Food pantries assist a food-insecure population through emergency food provision, but there is a paucity of information on the food safety-related operating procedures used in the pantries. Food pantries operate in a variable regulatory landscape; in some jurisdictions, they are treated equivalent to restaurants, while in others, they operate outside of inspection regimes. By using a mixed methods approach to catalog the standard operating procedures related to food in 105 food pantries from 12 North Carolina counties, we evaluated their potential impact on food safety. Data collected through interviews with pantry managers were supplemented with observed food safety practices scored against a modified version of the North Carolina Food Establishment Inspection Report. Pantries partnered with organized food bank networks were compared with those that operated independently. In this exploratory research, additional comparisons were examined for pantries in metropolitan areas versus nonmetropolitan areas and pantries with managers who had received food safety training versus managers who had not. The results provide a snapshot of how North Carolina food pantries operate and document risk mitigation strategies for foodborne illness for the vulnerable populations they serve. Data analysis reveals gaps in food safety knowledge and practice, indicating that pantries would benefit from more effective food safety training, especially focusing on formalizing risk management strategies. In addition, new tools, procedures, or policy interventions might improve information actualization by food pantry personnel.

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A Portrait of Hunger, the Social Safety Net, and the Working Poor

Cited by 42 publications

References 14 publications

Asset Poverty and Material Hardship in South Korea

Asset Poverty and Material Hardship in South Korea

The association between poverty indicators and material hardship in South Korea

Evaluating North Carolina Food Pantry Food Safety-Related Operating Procedures

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