A portable SERS method for the determination of uric acid using a paper-based substrate and multivariate curve resolution

Abstract

This paper presents a portable quantitative method for the on-site determination of uric acid in urine using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and gold nanoparticle-coated paper as a substrate. A procedure was developed for the rapid preparation of cost-effective SERS substrates that enabled the adequate control of a homogeneous active area and the use of small quantities of gold nanoparticles per substrate. The standard addition method and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) were applied to compensate for the matrix effect and to address overlapping bands between uric acid and interference SERS spectra. The proposed methodology demonstrated better performance than conventional univariate methods (in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision), a wide linear range (0-3.5 mmol L(-1)) and an adequate limit of detection (0.11 mmol L(-1)). For the first time, a portable SERS method coupled with chemometrics was developed for the routine analysis of uric acid at clinically relevant concentrations with minimal sample preparation and easy extension for the on-site determination of other biomarkers in complex sample matrices.

Detection of cortisol in serum using quantitative resonance Raman spectroscopy

“…In the case of the work presented here, the laser beam frequency of 638 nm coincides with the absorption maximum of the utilised chromogenic substrate 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) so giving rise to molecularly specific Raman spectra of the analyte under analysis. 21 Recent advances have led to the development of portable Raman instrumentation for rapid discrimination between boar meat samples 22 , and direct detection of erythropoietin in blood plasma 23 and clinically relevant concentrations of uric acid in urine samples 24 .…”

Biological and Medical Applications of Multivariate Curve Resolution Assisted Raman Spectroscopy

“…Poppi lab has utilized this strategy to identify and possibly quantify different metabolites. [94][95][96][97] A quantitative method for an on-site determination of uric acid in urine using gold nanoparticle coated paper substrate for SERS detection has been suggested. 96 Also, by using a similar nanoparticle coated substrate, a procedure for the determination of the antibiotic moxifloxacin in urine has been demonstrated.…”

“…[94][95][96][97] A quantitative method for an on-site determination of uric acid in urine using gold nanoparticle coated paper substrate for SERS detection has been suggested. 96 Also, by using a similar nanoparticle coated substrate, a procedure for the determination of the antibiotic moxifloxacin in urine has been demonstrated. In these methods, standard addition in conjunction to MCR were applied to eliminate the matrix effects and to address overlapping bands, thereby isolating the spectral contribution of the analyte in the presence unexpected interferences from urine.…”

Fabrication of flexible paper‐based Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering substrate from Au nanocubes monolayer for trace detection of crystal violet on shell

“…[16,17] In addition to the fact that the morphology of nanoparticles can affect the intensity of SERS signal, changing the type of support is also an approach to improve the SERS enhancement effect and provide some particular functionalization. [18][19][20] In the early stage, most conventional SERS substrates are often assembled on rigid supports, such as Si wafers and glass. These supports always lead to the single function for detection and some problems of sample extraction.…”