A Portable Optical Sensor for Sea Quality Monitoring

Attivissimo, Filippo; Carducci, Carlo Guarnieri Calò; Lanzolla, Anna Maria Lucia; Massaro, Alessandro; Vadrucci, Maria Rosaria

doi:10.1109/jsen.2014.2340437

Cited by 42 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In order to evaluate the system performance, the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide (Fe(CN) 6 3-/Fe(CN) 6 4-) redox process was considered. A potential of +75 mV that allowed the reduction of ferricyanide to ferrocyanide was applied.…”

Section: E Methodology Of Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ORP standard solutions with nominal potentials of 220 mV and 468 mV at 25 ºC were used as received. For amperometric measurements, a 0.1 M potassium ferricyanide (K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ], solution, a 0.1 M KNO 3 (a 40 ppm free chlorine stock solution prepared from sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl 10-15 %,) and a 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (KH 2 PO 4 ,) at pH 5.5 were prepared. Ethanol 96% and 6 M sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 96%,) were used for the electrodes cleaning.…”

Section: A Reagents and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general terms, these inconveniences are related to the technology of sensors used: the sensors have big sizes and are expensive. Therefore the miniaturization of the sensor is envisaged as an alternative [6,7] and specially microelectrodes fabricated with semiconductor technology which are robust, reproducible, have low output impedance, low fabrication and maintenance costs and they are ease to integrate with the electronic circuitry [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multisensor Portable Meter for Environmental Applications

et al. 2015

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In recent years the development of information and communication technologies (ICT) has notably improved the water management processes, but the technologies for water quality control still leave much scope for improvement. Specially, in-situ and in-line water monitoring has an increasing interest in order to take decisions at real time. The main drawbacks of the current portable meters are their high cost and their high power consumption. In this work it is proposed a portable compact meter for measuring simultaneously oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), conductivity, temperature and amperometric parameters like chlorine. This system includes microsensors fabricated with microelectronic technologies, and a commercial temperature sensor, all them allowing a very low power consumption. Validation of the system has been carried out using standard solutions and comparing the results with commercial sensors. The response characteristics of sensors, in terms of sensitivity and repeatability, showed a good agreement with those obtained with standard equipment using the same microelectrodes.Index Terms-Portable equipment, microsensors, water monitoring, multiparametric analysis. 1530-437X (c)

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Section: E Methodology Of Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Reagents and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multisensor Portable Meter for Environmental Applications

et al. 2015

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“…where gds is the drain-source conductance, rds the drainsource resistance, gm the transistor transconductance and B the ratio between (W /L) 5 and (W /L) 3 , equal to that between (W /L) 6 and (W /L) 4 . The output stage (transistors M 9 -M 12 ) is a class-AB inverter amplifier, in a push-pull configuration with source degenerations, which guarantees a better output dynamic range, a better control of the output current and a high output impedance.…”

Section: The Lia Transistor-level Cmos Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Decade Frequency Range, In-Phase Auto-Aligned 1.8 V 2 mW Fully Analog CMOS Integrated Lock-In Amplifier for Small/Noisy Signal Detection

2016

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In this paper, we present a new fully analog integrated lock-in amplifier (LIA) for the accurate detection and the measurement of small, slow, and noisy signals, typical of sensors. The proposed LIA, designed as an integrated circuit in a 0.35 µm standard CMOS technology with low-voltage (1.8 V) low-power (2 mW) characteristics, performs an automatic alignment (auto-calibration) of the relative phase between the input and reference signals, both at power-ON of the system and for any variation during its operating time. Even if these kinds of amplifiers work at a specific single operating frequency at time, the proposed LIA has been optimized to operate, through an automatic frequency tuning function, in one-decade frequency variation range, set to [2.5-25 Hz], particularly affected by flicker noise. On-chip measurements have confirmed the proper functionality of the system in the recovery and amplification of small and noisy signal amplitudes, in particular 714 times lower than the noise level (i.e., signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of about −57 dB), obtaining an experimental best resolution of 12.5 nV with maximum a sensitivity of about 124 000 [V/V]. Moreover, by means of the employment of the proposed LIA, the experimental SNR and resolution improvements are of a factor of about 4000.Index Terms-Analog lock-in amplifier, CMOS integrated circuit, automatic circuit, low-voltage, low-power, phase autoalignment, signal-to-noise recovery system, high resolution, high sensitivity, high accuracy, frequency tuning.

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“…Their possible integration with other energy harvesting technologies was also investigated; for example, for increasing the overall efficiency of photovoltaics [8] by exploiting the thermal gradient between the back of the panels and the ambient temperature, hence recovering the otherwise dissipated heat. The inherent restrained necessity of maintenance and the high long-term efficiency, make TEGs a valid alternative to batteries in providing an autonomous source of energy to sensor nodes [9,10,11] or entire Wireless Sensor Networks [12,13,14,15,16]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Extensive Unified Thermo-Electric Module Characterization Method

Attivissimo

Carducci

Lanzolla

et al. 2016

Sensors

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Thermo-Electric Modules (TEMs) are being increasingly used in power generation as a valid alternative to batteries, providing autonomy to sensor nodes or entire Wireless Sensor Networks, especially for energy harvesting applications. Often, manufacturers provide some essential parameters under determined conditions, like for example, maximum temperature difference between the surfaces of the TEM or for maximum heat absorption, but in many cases, a TEM-based system is operated under the best conditions only for a fraction of the time, thus, when dynamic working conditions occur, the performance estimation of TEMs is crucial to determine their actual efficiency. The focus of this work is on using a novel procedure to estimate the parameters of both the electrical and thermal equivalent model and investigate their relationship with the operating temperature and the temperature gradient. The novelty of the method consists in the use of a simple test configuration to stimulate the modules and simultaneously acquire electrical and thermal data to obtain all parameters in a single test. Two different current profiles are proposed as possible stimuli, which use depends on the available test instrumentation, and relative performance are compared both quantitatively and qualitatively, in terms of standard deviation and estimation uncertainty. Obtained results, besides agreeing with both technical literature and a further estimation method based on module specifications, also provides the designer a detailed description of the module behavior, useful to simulate its performance in different scenarios.

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A Portable Optical Sensor for Sea Quality Monitoring

Cited by 42 publications

References 18 publications

Multisensor Portable Meter for Environmental Applications

Multisensor Portable Meter for Environmental Applications

One-Decade Frequency Range, In-Phase Auto-Aligned 1.8 V 2 mW Fully Analog CMOS Integrated Lock-In Amplifier for Small/Noisy Signal Detection

An Extensive Unified Thermo-Electric Module Characterization Method

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