A portable electronic nose system for the identification of cannabis-based drugs

Multidimensional analysis of cannabis volatile constituents: Identification of 5,5-dimethyl-1-vinylbicyclo[2.1.1]hexane as a volatile marker of hashish, the resin of Cannabis sativa L.

“…In comparison with cannabinoid derivatives, the volatile constituents of cannabis have received much less attention. Nevertheless, the chemical composition of the volatile fraction of cannabis derived products is well documented and has been mainly established through the analysis of their essential oils [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] or by means of headspace sampling techniques [25][26][27][28][29]. Hence, a large variety of volatile compounds representing all chemical classes (hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, esters) have been detected in cannabis samples [20].…”

“…Both hashish and bud samples provided two distinct regions in their 2D-chromatogram, roughly corresponding to the distribution areas of monoterpenic and sesquiterpenic derivatives. (26)(27)(28)(29) performed at the Institut National de Police Scientifique (Ecully, France). While several terpenes are common to all forms of cannabis, hashish samples are characterized by the presence of hashishene 11 eluting before ␣-pinene 13.…”

Inheritance based Intelligent Technique Employing Nested-XOR with Recursion for Recognition and Classification of Odors using Multi-Sensor Nose System

“…The goal of this process is to train or configure the recognition system to produce unique classifications or clustering's of each odorant so that an automated identification can be implemented. During testing operation, a chemical vapor or odor is blown over the sensor array, the sensor signals are digitized and fed into the computer, with intelligent classification algorithm used to identify the odor and its relation to other odors (Haddi et al, 2011;Wen and Tian-Mo, 2010;Iskandarani, 2010;Alizadeh, 2010;Musatov et al, 2010). Consider a classification problem where a test pattern is to be assigned to a class label (Odor Class), OC where Eq.…”

Comparison of ELM, RF, and SVM on E-nose and E-tongue to trace the quality status of mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)

“…The radar plot, used as a method to illustrate relationships and trends among variables concisely, is much recommended when it is associated with statistical analyses (Haddi et al, 2011). Fig.…”