A Population Model of Astrocaryum Mexicanum and a Sensitivity Analysis of its Finite Rate of Increase

Piñero, Daniel; Martı́nez-Ramos, Miguel; Sarukhán, José

doi:10.2307/2259545

Cited by 190 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A. mexicanum produces single-seeded nuts (3-5 cm in width × 4-6 cm in length) that are rich in lipids and nutrients, and are an important food for several mammals (35,36). Seed predation by rodents (e.g., mice, squirrels, pacas, agouties) and peccaries represents the most important cause of mortality during the A. mexicanum life cycle (21). From 1975 to 1981, we found that vertebrates removed 93% of seeds from the ground (21) unchanged over time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Demographic data of palms representing all life cycle stages were gathered from 1975 to 1981 in eight permanent plots (20 × 30 m each) established in six closed-canopy and two gap forest sites (21,27). More than 2,500 palms were tagged, measured, and monitored in yearly censuses for survival, growth, reproduction, and seedling recruitment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, we focus on impacts on the dominant (>1,000 mature individuals per hectare), long-lived, understory palm Astrocaryum mexicanum Liebm., and analyze the consequences of such impacts on the ecosystem as a whole. During 1975-1981, we found that the population of this palm was in demographic equilibrium (21). However, over the past three decades, the palm population has been increasing rapidly, evincing a demographic explosion.…”

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confidence: 91%

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Anthropogenic disturbances jeopardize biodiversity conservation within tropical rainforest reserves

Martı́nez-Ramos

Ortiz-Rodríguez

Piñero

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

118

102

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Anthropogenic disturbances affecting tropical forest reserves have been documented, but their ecological long-term cumulative effects are poorly understood. Habitat fragmentation and defaunation are two major anthropogenic threats to the integrity of tropical reserves. Based on a long-term (four decades) study, we document how these disturbances synergistically disrupt ecological processes and imperil biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning at Los Tuxtlas, the northernmost tropical rainforest reserve in the Americas. Deforestation around this reserve has reduced the reserve to a mediumsized fragment (640 ha), leading to an increased frequency of canopy-gap formation. In addition, hunting and habitat loss have caused the decline or local extinction of medium and large herbivores. Combining empirical, experimental, and modeling approaches, we support the hypothesis that such disturbances produced a demographic explosion of the long-lived (≈120 y old, maximum height of 7 m) understory palm Astrocaryum mexicanum, whose population has increased from 1,243-4,058 adult individuals per hectare in only 39 y (annual growth rate of ca. 3%). Faster gap formation increased understory light availability, enhancing seed production and the growth of immature palms, whereas release from mammalian herbivory and trampling increased survival of seedlings and juveniles. In turn, the palm's demographic explosion was followed by a reduction of tree species diversity, changing forest composition, altering the relative contribution of trees to forest biomass, and disrupting litterfall dynamics. We highlight how indirect anthropogenic disturbances (e.g., palm proliferation) on otherwise protected areas threaten tropical conservation, a phenomenon that is currently eroding the planet's richest repositories of biodiversity.H uman activities operate as dominant drivers of biodiversity change and disruption of ecosystem processes in tropical forest ecosystems (1). Forest fragmentation modifies the structure, diversity, dynamics, and species composition of arboreal communities through habitat reduction and edge effects on tree mortality and recruitment rates (2, 3), liana proliferation (4), and invasive species (5). In addition, fragmentation reduces area of habitat necessary for many vertebrates (herbivores, seed predators, or seed dispersers) to maintain viable populations (6, 7). Fragmentation also facilitates poaching of game animals (7,8), which, in turn, disrupts trophic interactions that are critical for the maintenance of species diversity (9, 10). More specifically, fragmentation reduces population sizes of some shadetolerant tree species while fostering the presence of generalist and pioneer plant species (5, 11). Additionally, defaunation is differential, leading to the disappearance or decline of medium and large herbivores (12), and favors the proliferation of large-seeded, shadetolerant tree species (13). All these changes reduce tree diversity in forest fragments (14,15). Studies documenting the effects of forest fr...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 91%

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Anthropogenic disturbances jeopardize biodiversity conservation within tropical rainforest reserves

Martı́nez-Ramos

Ortiz-Rodríguez

Piñero

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

118

102

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“…Quando ocorre a abertura de uma clareira, as espécies tolerantes entram em um período de intenso crescimento apical e elevada atividade reprodutiva que diminui com o fechamento da clareira. Em Astrocaryum mexicanum, a quantidade de frutos produzidos por indivíduo foi de 30,1 ± 2,8 no subosque e 60,2 ± 12,7 em clareiras (Piñero, et al 1984). A freqüência da reprodução de um indivíduo entre os anos também variou para esta espécie em situações de maior e menor incidência luminosa.…”

Section: Potencial Ecológico Para O Manejo De Frutos De Açaizeiro (Euunclassified

Potencial ecológico para o manejo de frutos de açaizeiro (Euterpe precatoria Mart.) em áreas extrativistas no Acre, Brasil

Rocha

2004

Acta Amaz.

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Potencial ecológico para o manejo de frutos de açaizeiro (Euterpe precatoria Mart.) em áreas extrativistas no Acre, Brasil.Elektra ROCHA 1 RESUMOUma das espécies potenciais para a diversificação da produção florestal não-madeireira é Euterpe precatoria Mart., cujo manejo de seus frutos para produção de polpa engloba aspectos sociais, econômicos e ecológicos concernentes à floresta. No presente estudo analisamos a densidade, estrutura, dinâmica e a estabilidade populacional desta espécie em florestas inundadas e de terra firme para avaliar o potencial ecológico de manejo. A densidade média de adultos na floresta de baixio foi de 60 indivíduos ha -1 e na terra firme de 23 indivíduos ha -1 . A estrutura populacional apresentou-se em forma de J invertido. Houve uma alta produção de frutos e a sua produção por indivíduo não foi diferente entre os tipos florestais. A estabilidade populacional apresentou-se variável entre os tipos florestais e os sítios amostrados. Este estudo sugere que de modo geral Euterpe precatoria possui características ecológicas favoráveis para seu manejo sustentável, tais como alta densidade e freqüência, regeneração abundante e grande produção de frutos. Um maior potencial de manejo apresentouse na floresta de baixio comparado ao da terra firme. PALAVRAS-CHAVEFloresta tropical; Amazônia ocidental; Palmeira; Estrutura populacional; Potencial de manejo.Ecologic potential for the management of açaizeiro fruits (Euterpe precatoria Mart.) in extractive areas in Acre, Brazil. ABSTRACTOne of the species with a diversification potential for non-timber forest products is Euterpe precatoria Mart., whose fruit management for pulp production includes social, economical and ecological aspects. This study analyzes the density, structure, dynamics and stability of a population Euterpe precatoria in terra firme and inundated forests to evaluate the ecological potential of management. The mean adult density in inundated forests was 60 individuals ha -1 and 23 individuals ha -1 in terra firme forest. Population structure showed an inverse J shape. There was a high fruit production and the population stability was variable among the study sites. These ecological characteristics suggest that this species has a high management potential, such as high density and frequency, abundant regeneration and high fruit production. A greater management potential was observed in inundated forests when compared with terra firme.

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“…Senescence is known for some tree species [74] and other palm trees [30,21] but we do not know any other comparable senescence as strong as in Borassus, and beginning nearly as soon as individuals begin to reproduce. Conclusion: The demographic strategy of Borassus -The demographic strategy of Borassus was compared to available results for other palm tree species: Podococcus barteri [20], Astrocaryum mexicanum [63], and Rhopalostylis sapida [31]. There was no proof of senescence in any of those (forest) species [9].…”

Section: Case Study: the Demography Of Borassus Aethiopummentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure, Long-Term Dynamics, and Demography of the Tree Community

Gignoux¹,

Menaut

Vuattoux

Ecological Studies

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A Population Model of Astrocaryum Mexicanum and a Sensitivity Analysis of its Finite Rate of Increase

Cited by 190 publications

References 22 publications

Anthropogenic disturbances jeopardize biodiversity conservation within tropical rainforest reserves

Anthropogenic disturbances jeopardize biodiversity conservation within tropical rainforest reserves

Potencial ecológico para o manejo de frutos de açaizeiro (Euterpe precatoria Mart.) em áreas extrativistas no Acre, Brasil

Structure, Long-Term Dynamics, and Demography of the Tree Community

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