A population-based twin study in women of smoking 
initiation and nicotine dependence

Kendler, Kenneth S.; Neale, Michael C.; Sullivan, Patrick F.; Corey, Linda A.; Gardner, C. O.; Prescott, Carol A.

doi:10.1017/s0033291798008022

Cited by 423 publications

(400 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…long-term continuous tobacco use), number of cigarettes smoked daily, and diagnosed nicotine dependence. Heritability estimates for these smoking phenotypes range from 39 -82% for persistent smoking [93,100,101,175], 45 -86% for number of cigarettes smoked daily [65,83,164,178], and 31 -75% for nicotine dependence [80,115,176,179]. In addition, genetic factors also influence nicotine withdrawal symptoms and failed smoking cessation: heritability estimates for nicotine withdrawal symptoms range from 29 -53%, whereas estimates for smoking cessation are 51 -54% [91,127,188,189].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and nicotine addiction: Converging evidence from human and animal research

Portugal

Gould

2008

Behavioural Brain Research

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Tobacco smoking is a leading preventable cause of death in the United States and produces a major health and economic burden. Although the majority of smokers want to quit, few are successful. These data highlight the need for additional research into the neurobiology of tobacco dependence. Addiction to nicotine, the main psychoactive component of tobacco, is influenced by multiple factors that include individual differences in genetic makeup. Twin studies have demonstrated that genetic factors can influence vulnerability to nicotine addiction, and subsequent research has identified genes that may alter sensitivity to nicotine. In humans, genome-wide and candidate gene association studies have demonstrated that genes encoding nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) proteins are associated with multiple smoking phenotypes. Similarly, research in mice has provided evidence that naturally occurring variability in nAChR genes is associated with changes in nicotine sensitivity. Furthermore, the use of genetic knockout mice has allowed researchers to determine the nAChR genes that mediate the effects of nicotine, whereas research with knockin mice has demonstrated that changes to nAChR genes can dramatically alter nicotine sensitivity. This review will examine the genetic factors that alter susceptibility to nicotine addiction, with an emphasis on the genes that encode nAChR proteins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and nicotine addiction: Converging evidence from human and animal research

Portugal

Gould

2008

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…Numerous twin, adoption and family studies have been performed and large variations in the estimation of heritability of 'ever' smoking have been reported in ranges of 11-78%. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] This may be due, at least in part, to the broadness of this phenotype which encompasses those who have only tried cigarettes once to regular heavy smokers. Once smoking is initiated, the heritability for persistence to regular smoking has been estimated at 28-84%, 12,[15][16][17][19][20][21] for number of cigarettes smoked at 45-86% [21][22][23][24][25][26] and for diagnosed ND at 31-75%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that genetic risk factors for different aspects of smoking (such as initiation and persistence) only partially overlap, suggesting some genes will be specific to one smoking phenotype whereas others may influence multiple aspects of smoking. 14,17,19,31 Further, the proportion of genetic versus environmental influences on the different smoking stages vary by gender, 16,20,[32][33][34] with genetics appearing to have a larger role on initiation compared to persistence in women, whereas the opposite is observed in men. 20 While heritability studies can demonstrate a genetic influence in smoking behaviors, advances in our understanding of the human genome have allowed for the localization of specific genes involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the pharmacogenomics of cigarette smoking

Tyndale

2007

Pharmacogenomics J

101

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Cigarette smoking increases the risk of numerous health problems, including cancer, cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders, making smoking the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Nicotine is primarily responsible for the highly addictive properties of cigarettes. Although the majority of smokers express a desire to quit, few are successful in doing so. Twin and family studies have indicated substantial genetic contributions to smoking behaviors. One major research focus has been to elucidate the specific genes involved; this has been accomplished primarily through genome-wide linkage analyses and candidate gene association studies. Much attention has focused on genes involved in the neurotransmitter pathways for the brain reward system and genes altering nicotine metabolism. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge for genetic factors implicated in smoking behaviors, and examines how genetic variations may affect therapeutic outcomes for drugs used to assist smoking cessation.

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“…Twin and family studies have suggested a high heritability (56-75%) for ND; [3][4][5][6][7] clearly, social, psychological and other environmental factors as well as comorbidities, such as alcohol use and depression, contribute as well. 8,9 Several genome-wide scans have been performed suggesting loci linked to smoking behavior and ND.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linkage of nicotine dependence and smoking behavior on 10q, 7q and 11p in twins with homogeneous genetic background

et al. 2007

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The significant worldwide health burden introduced by tobacco smoking highlights the importance of studying the genetic determinants of smoking behavior and the key factor sustaining compulsive smoking, that is, nicotine dependence (ND). We have here addressed the genetic background of smoking in a special study sample of twins, harmonized for early life events and specifically ascertained for smoking from the nationwide twin cohort of the genetically unique population of Finland. The twins and their families were carefully examined for extensive phenotype profiles and a genomewide scan was performed to identify loci behind the smoking status, ND and the comorbid phenotype of ND and alcohol use in 505 individuals from 153 families. We replicated previous linkage findings on 10q (max logarithm of the odds (LOD) 3.12) for a smoker phenotype, and on 7q and 11p (max LOD 2.50, and 2.25, respectively) for the ND phenotype. The loci linked for ND also showed evidence for linkage for the comorbid phenotype. Our study provides confirmatory evidence for the involvement of these genome regions in the genetic etiology of smoking behavior and ND and for the first time associates drinking and smoking to a shared locus on 10q.

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A population-based twin study in women of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence

Cited by 423 publications

References 61 publications

Genetic variability in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and nicotine addiction: Converging evidence from human and animal research

Genetic variability in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and nicotine addiction: Converging evidence from human and animal research

Overview of the pharmacogenomics of cigarette smoking

Linkage of nicotine dependence and smoking behavior on 10q, 7q and 11p in twins with homogeneous genetic background

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