A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study of Personal Exposure to Magnetic Fields During Pregnancy and the Risk of Miscarriage

Li, De-Kun; Odouli, Roxana; Wi, Soora; Janević, Teresa; Golditch, Ira M.; Bracken, T. Dan; Senior, R.S.; Rankin, Richard F.; Iriye, Richard

doi:10.1097/00006254-200207000-00003

Cited by 16 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, TWA represents the tendency for a relatively high or low exposure level over a protracted period. The two California studies reporting association between maximum magnetic fields and miscarriage (Lee et al, 2002;Li et al, 2002) however, attracted renewed interest in peak-exposure measures. Our analyses were mostly aimed at examining the stability of peak-exposure measures and at evaluating whether the maximum magnetic-field exposure is a function of activity as Savitz (2002) suggested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure data sets were available from four previous studies: the Kaiser SAB Study (Li et al, 2002), the EPRI Long-Term Wire-Code (LTWC) Study , the EPRI Household Appliance Use Study (Mezei et al, 2001), and the US Department of Energy RAPID Program 1000-Person Study (Zaffanella and Kalton, 1998). The set of common activity categories used for all data sets was comprised of: 24-h, Home (not in bed), In-bed, Work, Travel, and Others.…”

Section: Exposure Data Setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analyses investigated the robustness of the maximum, above threshold, and other peak metrics to several parameters, including sampling interval of the PE meter, time between 24-h samples and the number of activities during a day. Special emphasis was placed on the presence of maximum above a specified threshold metric because of its uniqueness in requiring only one ''high'' measurement to be classified as exposed in the two epidemiologic studies of primary interest (Lee et al, 2002;Li et al, 2002).…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, two epidemiologic studies from California (a nested case-control study and a prospective cohort study), published at the same time in early 2002, revived interest in the area (Lee et al, 2002;Li et al, 2002). Both studies examined the relation of 24-h personal magnetic-field exposure to SAB risk among pregnant women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyses of magnetic-field peak-exposure summary measures

Mezei

Bracken²,

Senior³

et al. 2005

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Two previous epidemiologic studies reported an association between the maximum magnetic field exposure logged during a 24-h measurement period and risk of miscarriage. A hypothesis was put forth which argued that the observed association may be the result of behavioral differences between women with healthy pregnancies (less physically active) and women with miscarriage. We analyzed four existing data sets with power-frequency magnetic-field personal exposure (PE) measurements to investigate the characteristics of peak-exposure measures. We found that the value of the measured maximum magnetic-field exposure varied inversely with the sampling interval between magnetic-field measurements and that maximum values demonstrated less stability over time in repeated measurements, compared to time-weighted average and 95th and 99th -percentile values. We also found that the number of activity categories entered by study subjects could be used to estimate the proportion of subjects with exposure above various threshold values. Exposure metrics based on maximum values exceeding thresholds tend to classify active people into higher exposure categories. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis suggesting that the association between maximum magnetic fields and miscarriage are possibly the result of behavioral differences between women with healthy pregnancies and women who experience miscarriages. Thus, generalization from a given study to more global exposure characterization should be made with particular caution and with due consideration to sampling interval and other characteristics of the measurement protocol potentially influencing the measured maximum. Future epidemiologic studies of peak magnetic field exposure and spontaneous abortion should carefully evaluate the potential confounding effect of the women's activity level during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exposure Data Setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Analyses of magnetic-field peak-exposure summary measures

Mezei

Bracken²,

Senior³

et al. 2005

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Our discussion of health effects studies providing context for ELF exposures includes studies relevant to the subject of this scientific article; i.e., studies reporting both positive and negative findings of adverse health effects with all kinds of ELF exposure. In the context of repetitive, chronic exposure to significantly elevated ELF pulses from PDAs worn on the body, relevant health studies pointing to a possible relationship between ELF exposure and cancer and pregnancy outcome have been appropriately cited, particularly Lee et al [2002], Li et al [2002], Armstrong et al [1994], and Theriault et al [1994].…”

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confidence: 99%