A population-based five-year study on the risk of stroke in patients with osteoporosis in Taiwan

Osteoporosis in adult patients with atopic dermatitis: A nationwide population-based study

“…Finally, the diagnoses and codes for osteoporosis used in our study should be at least as reliable as those used in previous studies. [ 21 , 23 , 45 ] Third, patients with AD in Taiwan may not visit a specialist but may seek alternative medicine or receive treatment privately, possibly underestimating the real incidence of AD. Finally, the quality of a statistical analysis of data derived from a retrospective cohort study is generally lower than that of data obtained in randomized trials because of potential biases related to adjustments for confounding variables.…”

“…To ensure the accuracy of the data, we only included cases if they received ≥2 osteoporosis diagnoses for ambulatory visits [single-visit (n = 39) excluded]or ≥1 diagnosis in inpatient care and the ICD-9 code was assigned by orthopedists and receiving at least one BMD examination were included in the osteoporotic group. [ 10 , 21 , 22 ] Exclusion criteria were diagnosis of osteoporosis (ICD-9-CM code 733)[ 23 ] before or on the index date, incomplete data, and age younger than 20 years or older than 50 years. Based on the event rate, this study has more than 99% power (α = 0.05) to detect a significant association between AD and the later developmentof osteoporosis.The patients in the non-AD cohort were selected by a simple random sampling method.…”

“…The potential confounding factors in this study were mainly determined according to Japanese 2011 guidelines for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. [ 16 , 23 – 26 ] The following baseline comorbidities were identified according to diagnoses in the claims records data before the index date: hypertension (ICD-9-CM codes 401–405), diabetes mellitus (ICD-9-CM code 250), hyperlipidaemia (ICD-9-CM code 272), chronic kidney disease (ICD-9-CM code 582,583,585,586 and 588), chronic liver disease (ICD-9-CM code 456, 571 and 572), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ICD-9-CM code 491, 492, 494 and 496), depression (ICD-9-CM code 296.2, 296.3, 300.4 and 311). The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) scores, categorised into four levels (0, 1–2, 3–4 and ≥5), were used to assess the severity of co-morbidities, which included myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, dementia, chronic pulmonary disease, rheumatic disease, peptic ulcer disease, mild and moderate or severe liver disease, diabetes with and without chronic complication, hemiplegia or paraplegia, renal disease, any malignancy (including lymphoma and leukemia, except malignancy of skin), metastatic solid tumor, human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome.…”

Enduring protection provided by NMITLI118RT+ and its preparation NMITLI118RT+CFM against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

“…[1][2][3] Ischemic stroke causes the death or infarction of brain tissue at the site of blood ow and as the pathophysiological changes advance; toxicity and interruption spreads to surrounding brain tissue. 4,5 Despite the extensive efforts and costs involved in over a hundred clinical trials for medications effective in the management of stroke the results have rather been disappointing. rt-tPA (alteplase); still is the only agent approved by the FDA largely remaining the standard choice in stroke care.…”

Bone Mineral Density and Cognitive Decline in Elderly Women: Results from the InCHIANTI Study

“…Low BMD and cognitive impairment share several common risk factors, and previous studies found an association of osteoporosis with stroke, brain atrophy, brain white matter changes, and silent infarcts [4–6]; also, it has been reported that low BMD and cognitive impairment often coexist, and that osteoporosis is associated with increased rates of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease, as well as with incident Alzheimer disease [7, 8]. In addition, there is evidence of an increased risk of dementia in subjects with diagnosis of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fractures in Asian populations [1]; however, there are relevant racial differences in bone mass, so that Asian women have lower bone mass than Caucasian [9].…”