A population-based examination of racial and ethnic differences in receiving physicians' advice to quit smoking

Reed, Mark B.; Burns, David M.

doi:10.1080/14622200802323217

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Unfortunately, African American (and Hispanic) smokers are consistently less likely to receive strong advice to quit than are Caucasian smokers. 24,25 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Misperceptions of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Within Racially and Ethnically Diverse Smokers

Carpenter

Ford

Cartmell

et al. 2011

Journal of the National Medical Association

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Underuse of evidence-based treatment for smoking cessation, including use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), is widespread, particularly among minority smokers. This paper examines perceptions of NRT among and between racially and ethnically diverse groups of smokers. Nine focus groups were held among homogenous groups of African American, European American, and Hispanic smokers (N = 70). Specific themes included perceptions of: (a) the mechanism by which NRT works; (b) NRT development and regulation (ie, purpose and methods of clinical trials, Food and Drug Administration oversight, etc); (c) efficacy; (d) safety; and (e) overall cost effectiveness. Across all groups, there was a general lack of knowledge of NRT effects and its efficacy, with only moderate knowledge of the mechanism by which NRT works. Concerns about NRT safety were expressed in all groups, with particular apprehension about addictive potential and possible interactions with other medications. Among African American smokers in particular, there was strong suspicion of pharmaceutical industry and government oversight, which coincided with the consensus view that there are too many unknowns about NRT. Among Hispanic smokers, there was less suspicion of NRT but a strong cultural belief in personal responsibility for smoking cessation. Results highlight enduring misperceptions about NRT that likely undermine usage. More education about NRT is needed, not only about its efficacy and safety, but also with regard to its development and regulation. Health care professionals, many of whom are viewed as trustworthy sources of health information, have a particularly important role to promote wider use of proven cessation strategies.

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“…Unfortunately, African American (and Hispanic) smokers are consistently less likely to receive strong advice to quit than are Caucasian smokers. 24,25 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Misperceptions of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Within Racially and Ethnically Diverse Smokers

Carpenter

Ford

Cartmell

et al. 2011

Journal of the National Medical Association

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“…This was measured, as in previous surveys, 2,3 by the combined response to two questions: (1) “Did you see a doctor, nurse, or other health professional in the past 12 months?” and (2) “In the past 12 months did the doctor, nurse, or other health professional advise you to stop smoking?”…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 In the Current Population Survey, English-fluent Asian-American smokers were 38% more likely to report receiving smoking cessation advice relative to non-Hispanic white smokers. 3 However, these surveys are not accurately representative of Asian-Americans because they were not conducted in Asian languages nor did they oversample different Asian subgroups.…”

Section: Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

Provider Smoking Cessation Advice among California Asian-American Smokers

et al. 2011

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Purpose To determine proportions of provider advice to quit smoking for Asian-American smokers and to describe factors that may affect the provision of such advice. Design Secondary data analysis of population-based survey. Setting California. Subjects Current smokers from the California Tobacco Use Surveys for Chinese-Americans (n = 2117, participation rate = 52%), Korean-Americans (n = 2545, participation rate 5 48%), and Vietnamese-Americans (n = 2179, participation rate = 63.5%). Measures Sociodemographics including insurance status, smoking frequency, provider visit in past year, and provider advice to quit. Analysis Multivariate logistic regression models examined dependent outcomes of (1) provider visit in past year and (2) provider advice to quit. Results Less than a third (30.5%) of smokers in our study reported both seeing a provider (50.8%) and then receiving advice to quit (60.1%). Factors associated with provider visits included being female, being 45 years or older, having health insurance, and being Vietnamese. Among smokers who saw a provider, factors associated with provider advice to quit included having health insurance and being a daily smoker. Conclusions Asian-American smokers reported low proportions of provider advice to quit in the past year, largely because only half of smokers saw a provider. Providers who see such smokers may need greater awareness that several effective cessation treatments do not require health insurance, and that intermittent smokers need advice to quit.

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“…Many of the groups in Table 1 have less access to effective treatments or are less likely to receive advice to quit from health care practitioners, especially smokers with low socioeconomic status (SES), mobility-impaired smokers, and Native American smokers (Connor, Cook, Herbert, Neal, & Williams, 2002;Murphy, Mahoney, Hyland, Higbee, & Cummings, 2005;Reed & Burns, 2008). It is recognized that membership in any of the groups in Table 1 may interact with SES (poverty, education, and occupation) to increase or decrease smoking-related disparities (Fagan, Moolchan, Lawrence, Fernander, & Ponder, 2007).…”

Section: Smoking Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking cessation: Next steps for special populations research and innovative treatments.

Borrelli

2010

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Objective:The current introductory article provides the rationale for the special section on understudied smokers and innovative treatments. This article proposes a definition of "special populations" of smokers, outlines a priori criteria by which to judge whether an intervention should be adapted for these smokers, and delineates a process by which cultural adaptation of an intervention can be achieved. Next steps for innovative, theory-based treatments with special populations and with general populations of smokers are discussed. Method: Special populations of smokers are defined as having (a) Ͼ10% higher smoking prevalence than the general population of smokers, (b) disproportionate tobacco-related health disparities, (c) less access to treatments, and (d) a lack of prospective, longitudinal treatment trials. Results: Cultural adaptation of evidenced-based treatments (EBTs) for underserved smokers should be applied more widely, outside the bounds of race and ethnicity, but also judiciously, following several a priori criteria. Cultural adaptation may be justified if the target population differs from the general population in (a) rates and patterns of smoking, (b) burden of tobacco-related health diseases, (c) predictors of smoking behavior, (d) risk factors for treatment failure, (e) protective factors that facilitate quitting, (f) treatment engagement, (g) treatment response, and (h) perceived social validity of the EBT. Once these criteria are met, four phases of cultural adaptation of an EBT for the target population are proposed. Innovative treatments need to be developed that use novel channels and linkages between channels; test novel theories or build on mechanisms research to more accurately pinpoint targets of change; and increase consumer demand for EBTs. Conclusion: The process of cultural adaptation should be thoughtfully conducted with a priori definitions and criteria as well as standardized processes. Coupled with innovative, theory-based treatments, these considerations could help to jump-start stalled smoking cessation rates. Decreasing the prevalence of smoking will take a multitarget, multichannel, multimethod approach at different levels of social strata: individuals (i.e., address smoker heterogeneity, develop innovative treatments), groups (i.e., target populations with higher than average smoking prevalence; eradicate disparities in treatment access, engagement, and effectiveness), cultural/societal level (i.e., increase frequency and effectiveness of mass media campaigns, create greater consumer demand for evidenced-based treatments [EBTs]), health care systems and insurers (i.e., increase counseling and reimbursement, reduce out-of-pocket costs to smokers who want to quit), and government (i.e., increase taxation, expand smoke-free laws, increase funding of state quit lines).Although all of these factors are critical to jump-starting stalled smoking cessation rates, in January 2009 the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology initiated a call for papers focusing on the first t...

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A population-based examination of racial and ethnic differences in receiving physicians' advice to quit smoking

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Misperceptions of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Within Racially and Ethnically Diverse Smokers

Misperceptions of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Within Racially and Ethnically Diverse Smokers

Provider Smoking Cessation Advice among California Asian-American Smokers

Smoking cessation: Next steps for special populations research and innovative treatments.

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