A Population-Based Cohort Study of Premorbid Intellectual, Language, and Behavioral Functioning in Patients With Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Nonpsychotic Bipolar Disorder

Reichenberg, Abraham; Weiser, Mark; Rabinowitz, Jonathan; Caspi, Avshalom; Schmeidler, James; Mark, Mordechai; Kaplan, Zeev; Davidson, Michael

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.12.2027

Cited by 324 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Several prospective studies have examined intellectual function in pre-schizophrenic children or adolescents using prospectively ascertained neuropsychological batteries (Jones & Done, 1997 ;Davidson et al 1999 ;Cannon et al 2000 ;Reichenberg et al 2002 ;Zammit et al 2004). The results of these studies, using a variety of designs, are notable for their consistency in demonstrating that schizophrenia is associated with global pre-morbid cognitive abnormalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scholastic achievement at age 16 and risk of schizophrenia and other psychoses: a national cohort study

et al. 2007

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Background. There is abundant evidence that schizophrenia is associated with cognitive deficits in childhood. However, previous studies investigating school performance have been inconclusive. Furthermore, there are several biological and social factors that could confound the association. We investigated whether school performance at age 16 is associated with risk of adult schizophrenia and other psychoses in a large national cohort, while controlling for multiple confounders.Method. Using a national sample of 907 011 individuals born in Sweden between 1973 and 1983, we used Cox regression to assess whether scholastic achievement at age 15-16 predicted hospital admission for psychosis between ages 17 and 31, adjusting for potential confounders.Results. Poor school performance was associated with increased rates of schizophrenia [hazard ratio (HR) 3.9, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.8-5.3], schizo-affective disorder (HR 4.2, 95 % CI 1.9-9.1) and other psychoses (HR 3.0, 95 % CI 2.3-4.0). Receiving the lowest (E) grade was significantly associated with risk for schizophrenia and other psychoses in every school subject. There was no evidence of confounding by migrant status, low birthweight, hypoxia, parental education level or socio-economic group.Conclusions. Poor school performance across all domains is strongly associated with risk for schizophrenia and other psychoses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scholastic achievement at age 16 and risk of schizophrenia and other psychoses: a national cohort study

et al. 2007

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“…Thus, it is well established that patients with schizophrenia have a lower pre-morbid IQ than the population as a whole (Welham et al 2009 ;Palmer et al 2009). By contrast, studies of bipolar patients have found either no pre-morbid IQ disadvantage (Gilvarry et al 2000 ;Zammit et al 2004) or only a small decrement (Reichenberg et al 2002). Because performance on all specific cognitive tests is by definition correlated with IQ, if pre-morbid IQ is not matched across the schizophrenic and affective samples, differences in test performance simply due to this factor are likely to be found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive dysfunction and memory impairment in schizoaffective disorder: a comparison with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and healthy controls

et al. 2012

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BackgroundDeficits in memory and executive performance are well-established features of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. By contrast, data on cognitive impairment in schizoaffective disorder are scarce and the findings are conflicting.MethodWe used the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-III) and the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) to test memory and executive function in 45 schizophrenic patients, 26 schizomanic patients and 51 manic bipolar patients in comparison to 65 healthy controls. The patients were tested when acutely ill.ResultsAll three patient groups performed significantly more poorly than the controls on global measures of memory and executive functioning, but there were no differences among the patient groups. There were few differences in memory and executive function subtest scores within the patient groups. There were no differences in any test scores between manic patients with and without psychotic symptoms.ConclusionsSchizophrenic, schizomanic and manic patients show a broadly similar degree of executive and memory deficits in the acute phase of illness. Our results do not support a categorical differentiation across different psychotic categories with regard to neuropsychological deficits.

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“…59,66 For instance, three ''conscript'' studies included young adults recruited from the armed forces and followed these individuals prospectively over long periods, but provided inconsistent or inconclusive findings. [77][78][79] Zammit et al 79 suggested that individuals who developed BD had cognitive performance comparable to that of healthy controls, while Tiihonen et al 78 showed that individuals who developed BD had superior performance in arithmetic but poorer visuospatial reasoning than healthy controls.…”

Section: Neurocognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and developments in research of the early stages of bipolar disorder

Brietzke

Rosa

Pedrini

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Recently, attention in the field of bipolar disorder (BD) has focused on prevention, including early detection and intervention, as these strategies have the potential to delay, lessen the severity, or even prevent full-blown episodes of BD. Although knowledge of the neurobiology of BD has advanced substantially in the last two decades, most research was conducted with chronic patients. The objective of this paper is to comprehensively review the literature regarding the early stages of BD, to explore recent discoveries on the neurobiology of these stages, and to discuss implications for research and clinical care. The following databases were searched: PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and SciELO. Articles published in English from inception to December 2015 were retrieved. Several research approaches were used, including examination of offspring studies, retrospective studies, prospective studies of clinical high-risk populations, and exploration of the progression after the first manic episode. Investigations with neuroimaging, cognition assessments, and biomarkers provide promising (although not definitive) evidence of alterations in the neural substrate during the at-risk stage. Research on BD should be expanded to encompass at-risk states and aligned with recent methodological progress in neuroscience.

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A Population-Based Cohort Study of Premorbid Intellectual, Language, and Behavioral Functioning in Patients With Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Nonpsychotic Bipolar Disorder

Abstract: The results support a nosologic distinction between nonpsychotic bipolar disease and schizophrenia in hospitalized patients.

Cited by 324 publications

References 58 publications

Scholastic achievement at age 16 and risk of schizophrenia and other psychoses: a national cohort study

Scholastic achievement at age 16 and risk of schizophrenia and other psychoses: a national cohort study

Executive dysfunction and memory impairment in schizoaffective disorder: a comparison with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and healthy controls

Challenges and developments in research of the early stages of bipolar disorder

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