A polarity effect in misoriented object recognition: The role of polar features in the computation of orientation-invariant shape representations

Leek, E. Charles; Johnston, Stephen

doi:10.1080/13506280544000048

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This capability is usually examined by asking participants to name or categorize objects shown disoriented from upright (for reviews, see Jolicoeur, 1990;Leek & Johnston, 2006). On early trials, the slope of the function relating recognition time to angular displacement of to-be-recognized disoriented objects is of similar magnitude as the slope found in mental-rotation studies (e.g., Corballis, Zbrodoff, Shetzer, & Butler, 1978;Jolicoeur, 1985;Jolicoeur & Milliken, 1989;Jolicoeur, Snow, & Murray, 1987).…”

Section: Mental Rotation On Early Trials Of Disorientedobject-recognimentioning

confidence: 97%

Think spatial: The representation in mental rotation is nonvisual.

Liesefeld

Zimmer

2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For mental rotation, introspection, theories, and interpretations of experimental results imply a certain type of mental representation, namely, visual mental images. Characteristics of the rotated representation can be examined by measuring the influence of stimulus characteristics on rotational speed. If the amount of a given type of information influences rotational speed, one can infer that it was contained in the rotated representation. In Experiment 1, rotational speed of university students (10 men, 11 women) was found to be influenced exclusively by the amount of represented orientation-dependent spatial-relational information but not by orientation-independent spatial-relational information, visual complexity, or the number of stimulus parts. As information in mental-rotation tasks is initially presented visually, this finding implies that at some point during each trial, orientation-dependent information is extracted from visual information. Searching for more direct evidence for this extraction, we recorded the EEG of another sample of university students (12 men, 12 women) during mental rotation of the same stimuli. In an early time window, the observed working memory load-dependent slow potentials were sensitive to the stimuli's visual complexity. Later, in contrast, slow potentials were sensitive to the amount of orientation-dependent information only. We conclude that only orientation-dependent information is contained in the rotated representation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).

show abstract

Section: Mental Rotation On Early Trials Of Disorientedobject-recognimentioning

confidence: 97%

Think spatial: The representation in mental rotation is nonvisual.

Liesefeld

Zimmer

2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Third, some morphological features may be interpreted by the human perceptual system as inherently directional in virtue of their perceptual characteristics. For example, a distinctive feature located at one extremity of an object's main axis-a polar feature-has been argued to introduce directionality into the representation of an object [42]. Notably, all these three factors might have influenced directional representation of the box-agent in Experiments 1 and 2, because its end-feature rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org Proc.…”

Section: Experiments 3: Axial Direction From Actions Alone (A) Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…R. Soc. B 281: 20133205 involved a colour contrast analogous to that of a human eye [43], its leading end was morphologically more complex than the plane trailing end, and the end-feature could act as polar feature [42].…”

Section: Experiments 3: Axial Direction From Actions Alone (A) Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two features were distinctively different in colour and shape (a red V-shaped feature and a blue triangular feature), yet matched in size and in precise location at their respective ends. Thus, the ends of the box were equated in terms of how morphologically complex they might appear as well as in terms of the presence of polar features [42]. (ii) We chose end-features that had no obvious similarities to facial features and were equated for their similarities to schematic end-morphologies, which twelve-month-olds might have encountered in storybooks, toys or cartoons.…”

Section: (C) Procedures and Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Action anticipation in human infants reveals assumptions about anteroposterior body-structure and action

Hernik¹,

Fearon

Csibra³

2014

Proc. R. Soc. B.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animal actions are almost universally constrained by the bilateral bodyplan. For example, the direction of travel tends to be constrained by the orientation of the animal's anteroposterior axis. Hence, an animal's behaviour can reliably guide the identification of its front and back, and its orientation can reliably guide action prediction. We examine the hypothesis that the evolutionarily ancient relation between anteroposterior body-structure and behaviour guides our cognitive processing of agents and their actions. In a series of studies, we demonstrate that, after limited exposure, human infants as young as six months of age spontaneously encode a novel agent as having a certain axial direction with respect to its actions and rely on it when anticipating the agent's further behaviour. We found that such encoding is restricted to objects exhibiting cues of agency and does not depend on generalization from features of familiar animals. Our research offers a new tool for investigating the perception of animate agency and supports the proposal that the underlying cognitive mechanisms have been shaped by basic biological adaptations in humans.

show abstract

“…One of the most remarkable aspects of human vision is our ability to recognize threedimensional objects across variations in sensory input (e.g., Harris, Dux, Benito & Leek, 2008;Leek, 1998a;1998b;Leek, Atherton & Thierry, 2007;Leek & Johnston, 2006). Object recognition is presumed to require the computation of a perceptual description of object shape from sensory input and the subsequent matching (or indexing) of this percept to a stored shape representation held in long-term memory (e.g., Davitt, Cristino, Wong & Leek, 2014;Edelman, 1999;Hummel, 2013;Marr & Nishihara, 1978).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit encoding of extrinsic object properties in stored representations mediating recognition: Evidence from shadow-specific repetition priming

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated whether, and under what conditions, stored shape representations mediating recognition encode extrinsic object properties of sensory input that vary according to viewing conditions. This was examined in relation to cast shadow. Observers (N=90) first memorised a subset of 3D multi-part novel objects from a limited range of viewpoints rendered with either no shadow, object internal shadow, or both object internal and external (ground) plane shadow. During a subsequent test phase previously memorised targets were discriminated from visually similar distractors across learned and novel views following brief presentation of a same-shape masked prime. The primes contained either matching or mismatching shadow rendering from the training condition. The results showed a recognition advantage for objects memorised with object internal shadow. In addition, objects encoded with internal shadow were primed more strongly by matching internal shadow primes, than by same shape primes with either no shadow or both object internal and external (ground) shadow.This pattern of priming effects generalised to previously unseen views of targets rendered with object internal shadow. The results suggest that the object recognition system contains a level of stored representation at which shape and extrinsic properties of sensory input can be conjointly encoded. Here, this is shown by the conjoint encoding of shape and object internal shadow. We propose that this occurs when cast shadow cannot be discounted during perception on the basis of external cues to the scene lighting model.

show abstract

A polarity effect in misoriented object recognition: The role of polar features in the computation of orientation-invariant shape representations

Cited by 25 publications

References 55 publications

Think spatial: The representation in mental rotation is nonvisual.

Think spatial: The representation in mental rotation is nonvisual.

Action anticipation in human infants reveals assumptions about anteroposterior body-structure and action

Implicit encoding of extrinsic object properties in stored representations mediating recognition: Evidence from shadow-specific repetition priming

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About