“…The combine effect of disc angle and speed of operations were seen to be significant at 1 per cent level of significance it may be because as increased angle of disc carries the more volume of soil for covering the edges of laid mulch which implies more pulling force due to which the speed of operation decreases and as a combined effect of both the field capacity and field efficiency of the machine get decreases. It also shows the combine effect of disc angle and speed of operations were seen to be significant at 1 per cent level of significance it may be because as a combined effect of both the punching efficiency of the machine get increases as punch resting time increases due to reduction in speed of operation [8] .…”
Section: The Analysis Of Variance Showing Effect Of Selected Independ...mentioning
A machine with manual operation for mulch-laying machine with apunching arrangement was developed, and its performance was assessedat three different mulch paper thicknesses (15 m, 20 m and 25 m), threedifferent disc angles (35 degrees, 40 degrees, and 45 degrees), threedifferent punch spacings (250 mm, 500 mm, and 1000 mm), and threedifferent forward speeds (1.3 km/h, 1.5 km/h, 1.7 km/h) to investigate theireffects on field capacity, effective field efficiency, and punching efficiency.Utilizing randomised block design and response surface methods, theexperimental plan for optimization was created. All of the independentvariables’ combined effects on the dependent variables were found to bestatistically significant. The influence of operating speed and mulch paperthickness was found to be the most significant on the dependent variable.The effective field capacity and field efficiency increased from 0.11 ha/hto 0.19 ha/h and 72.04 percent to 89.51 percent, respectively, by increasingmulch paper thickness from 15 µm to 25 µm and operating speed from1.3 km/h to 1.7 km/h, whereas punching efficiency fell from 85.18 percentto 84.40 percent. Mulch paper of 15 µm and a disc angle value of 40degrees were optimised from the independent factors that were chosen foroptimal soil covering over the laid plastic mulch sheet. Punching efficiencywas maximised with performance optimised at 500 mm punch spacing.Additionally, the machine operated more efficiently at 1.5 km/h.
“…The combine effect of disc angle and speed of operations were seen to be significant at 1 per cent level of significance it may be because as increased angle of disc carries the more volume of soil for covering the edges of laid mulch which implies more pulling force due to which the speed of operation decreases and as a combined effect of both the field capacity and field efficiency of the machine get decreases. It also shows the combine effect of disc angle and speed of operations were seen to be significant at 1 per cent level of significance it may be because as a combined effect of both the punching efficiency of the machine get increases as punch resting time increases due to reduction in speed of operation [8] .…”
Section: The Analysis Of Variance Showing Effect Of Selected Independ...mentioning
A machine with manual operation for mulch-laying machine with apunching arrangement was developed, and its performance was assessedat three different mulch paper thicknesses (15 m, 20 m and 25 m), threedifferent disc angles (35 degrees, 40 degrees, and 45 degrees), threedifferent punch spacings (250 mm, 500 mm, and 1000 mm), and threedifferent forward speeds (1.3 km/h, 1.5 km/h, 1.7 km/h) to investigate theireffects on field capacity, effective field efficiency, and punching efficiency.Utilizing randomised block design and response surface methods, theexperimental plan for optimization was created. All of the independentvariables’ combined effects on the dependent variables were found to bestatistically significant. The influence of operating speed and mulch paperthickness was found to be the most significant on the dependent variable.The effective field capacity and field efficiency increased from 0.11 ha/hto 0.19 ha/h and 72.04 percent to 89.51 percent, respectively, by increasingmulch paper thickness from 15 µm to 25 µm and operating speed from1.3 km/h to 1.7 km/h, whereas punching efficiency fell from 85.18 percentto 84.40 percent. Mulch paper of 15 µm and a disc angle value of 40degrees were optimised from the independent factors that were chosen foroptimal soil covering over the laid plastic mulch sheet. Punching efficiencywas maximised with performance optimised at 500 mm punch spacing.Additionally, the machine operated more efficiently at 1.5 km/h.
“…The opening and closing of the needles are realized by the sliding rings on the two needles driven by the pushrod, while the stretching and drawing back of the pushrod is controlled by the cams and springs. 21 Figure 9.Kinematic diagram of executive component for picking seedlings. 1: Gripper needle; 2: ring; 3: pushrod; 4: cam; 5: spring; 6: shift fork.…”
Section: Force Analysis Of Seedling Picking and Key Parameters Designmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The opening and closing of the needles are realized by the sliding rings on the two needles driven by the pushrod, while the stretching and drawing back of the pushrod is controlled by the cams and springs. 21 According to the size of the seedling pot, the opening distance of the two gripper needles when inserted into the seedling pot is set as L 0 ¼ 18 mm, and the distance between the two gripper needles when they are at the upper hinge point of the clamping hand is set as s ¼ 40 mm. When the needles are inserted into the seedling pot at a depth of 30 mm and grip the pot, the relation of the angle between the two needles and opening distance of the needles is…”
Section: Determination Of Parameters Of Gripper Needlesmentioning
In this study, an automatic machine for transplanting potted tomato seedlings was designed, based on the analysis of physical characteristics of the main varieties of tomato seedlings. The machine is composed of a horizontal and vertical seedling supply mechanism, a picking mechanism composed with a gear-rod component, a planting part featured with an eccentric-disk parallelogram duckbilled mechanism, and a control system. The control system included position sensors, stepper motor, variable-frequency motor and program controller. The force condition for successful picking potted tomato seedlings was studied by analyzing the force and motion during the taking procedure with the use of analytical graphic method. Combined with the parameters of physical characteristics of tomato seedlings, the key parameters of the machine was determined, which included L1 = 105 mm as the distance between the point of the gripper needles and the center of rotation, L0 = 18 mm as the initial opening distance between the two gripper needles, and s = 40 mm as the distance between the two gripper needles when they were at the upper hinge point of the clamping hands. The key structure and the parameters of the seedlings-taking part were determined by theoretical calculation according to the position of the seedling during taking and dropping procedure, and the requirement of the motion. The machine was tested by using the potted tomato seedlings. The result showed that the seedling picking rate was 92.35%–86.61%, and the leakage rate was 12.57%–18.03%, when the transplanting speed was between 60 and 90 seedlings per minute. The result demonstrated that the machine was feasible to transplant the potted tomato seedlings efficiently.
“…The capacity of this machine can reach 0.4 ha/day or 271 seedlings/min with a speed of more than 2 km/h. Also, Lawrence et al (2007), developed a dibbling machine for plastic mulch using a pneumatic method driven by a tractor's hydraulic system from a 4-wheeled tractor. This equipment has outstanding performance, but unfortunately, it will not be appropriate with aspects of land conditions and its economy if applied in Indonesia.…”
This study aims to determine the performance of a plastic mulch hole making machine and its electrical power requirements. The study begins by providing speed variations on the engine sprocket, calculating the working capacity of the machine, and analysing the power requirements of the electric motor. The results showed that the engine sprocket could perform an optimal rotation speed for punching holes in plastic mulch. Most holes were created in the treatment with a rotational speed of 70 rpm, 16 holes per 5 m of plastic mulch. Overall, the performance of the plastic mulch punching machine has been able to provide fixes in making holes in mulch plastic. Of the three treatments, the speed variations of the plastic mulch punching machine provided perforations with the criteria of perfect and partial perforation. The highest percentage of ideal perforation was found in the treatment with a rotational speed of 29 rpm, 86%, and the lowest was found in the treatment with a rotational speed of 25 rpm, 9.3%. The coefficient of determination between the rotational speed of the machine and the performance of the machine to punch holes in the plastic mulch can be modelled by a polynomial equation.
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