A Plastic–Crystal Electrolyte Interphase for All‐Solid‐State Sodium Batteries

Abstract

The development of all-solid-state rechargeable batteries is plagued by a large interfacial resistance between a solid cathode and a solid electrolyte that increases with each charge-discharge cycle. The introduction of a plastic-crystal electrolyte interphase between a solid electrolyte and solid cathode particles reduces the interfacial resistance, increases the cycle life, and allows a high rate performance. Comparison of solid-state sodium cells with 1) solid electrolyte Na Zr (Si PO ) particles versus 2) plastic-crystal electrolyte in the cathode composites shows that the former suffers from a huge irreversible capacity loss on cycling whereas the latter exhibits a dramatically improved electrochemical performance with retention of capacity for over 100 cycles and cycling at 5 C rate. The application of a plastic-crystal electrolyte interphase between a solid electrolyte and a solid cathode may be extended to other all-solid-state battery cells.

Electrode Engineering by Atomic Layer Deposition for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: From Traditional to Advanced Batteries

“…[159] Among the several engineering technologies that exist for the interphase, the rapid innovations and application of ALD have resulted in a remarkable contribution to the electrode engineering of SIBs due to the unique properties such as atomic-scale deposition, superior uniformity, excellent conformality, and self-limiting nature. [160] As a typical thin-film technique, ALD is particularly suitable for nanoscale film growth on bulk substrates. [161] The representative advantages offered by ALD for modifying SIB electrodes include: i) the atomic-scale deposition achieved with ALD can precisely control the nanostructure and chemical composition of a film with outstanding repeatability; [162] ii) the uniformity and conformality allowed by ALD can minimize interfacial impedance and precisely tune the ion mass transfer between the electrode and electrolyte; [163] and iii) the relatively The Na insertion/deinsertion mechanism of Na 2 C 8 H 4 O 4 .…”

Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Thin, Flexible, Nonflammable Garnet‐Based Composite Solid Electrolyte for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries

“…To fabricate the cathodes for full‐battery testing, LiFePO 4 and LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 were separately mixed with acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder in N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone solvent with a weight ratio of 8:1:1. The obtained slurry was coated on the surface of carbon‐coated aluminum foil by knife coater and dried in a vacuum oven at 100 °C for over 12 h. 2 µL [SN 20 ‐LiTFSI] mixture was added into cathode at 80 °C in order to infiltrate the surface, enhancing interfacial ion transport across PTFE‐LLZTO‐SN electrolyte before battery assembly 51. CR2032‐type coin batteries based on the composite electrolyte with an active material loading of ≈3.5 mg cm −2 were assembled for charge/discharge tests on a LAND CT2001A testing system (Wuhan Jinnuo Electronics, Ltd.).…”

Sodium‐Ion Batteries: From Academic Research to Practical Commercialization

“…[157] Inorganic solid electrolytes have been introduced into all-solid-state SIBs, with high safety, long cycle life, and versatile geometries. [158][159][160][161] Hayashi et al prepared an all-solid-state rechargeable Na-Sn/Na 3 PS 4 /TiS 2 SIB based on a solid electrolyte. [158] Although the capacity was limited to only 40% of the theoretical capacity of TiS 2 , the all-solid-state cell has the potential to realize good charge-discharge reversibility.…”

“…Very recently, Goodenough' group successfully assembled an all-solid-state Na/Na 3 Zr 2 (Si 2 PO 12 )/Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 sodium-ion battery with a solid electrolyte, with retention of capacity for over 100 cycles with cycling at the 5 C rate. [161] …”