A Plant Pathogen Type III Effector Protein Subverts Translational Regulation to Boost Host Polyamine Levels

Wu, Dousheng; Roepenack‐Lahaye, Edda von; Buntru, Matthias; Lange, Orlando de; Schandry, Niklas; Pérez‐Quintero, Álvaro L.; Weinberg, Zasha; Lowe‐Power, Tiffany M.; Szurek, Boris; Michael, Anthony J.; Allen, Caitilyn; Schillberg, Stefan; Lahaye, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.09.014

Cited by 74 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In the context of plant-pathogen co-evolution, the polyamine pathway might be a good target for pathogen effectors or small molecules which are delivered to manipulate host defenses. The observed restriction in Pseudomonas growth triggered by Put is consistent with the activity of the TALE-like Bgr11 effector from the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum that boost Put biosynthesis to inhibit the growth of microbial niche competitors (Wu et al, 2019). In addition, the P. syringae virulence factor phevamine A, which is derived from Spd, suppresses the flg22-induced ROS potentiation of defense responses triggered by Spd in Arabidopsis (O'Neill et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Putrescine elicits ROS‐dependent activation of the salicylic acid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana

Liu

Atanasov

Arafaty

et al. 2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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Polyamines are small amines that accumulate during stress and contribute to disease resistance through as yet unknown signaling pathways. Using a comprehensive RNAsequencing analysis, we show that early transcriptional responses triggered by each of the most abundant polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine, thermospermine and cadaverine) exhibit specific quantitative differences, suggesting that polyamines (rather than downstream metabolites) elicit defense responses. Signaling by putrescine, which accumulates in response to bacteria that trigger effector triggered immunity (ETI) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR), is largely dependent on the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, and is partly dependent on salicylic acid (SA), the expression of ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY (EDS1) and NONEXPRESSOR of PR GENES1 (NPR1). Putrescine elicits local SA accumulation as well as local and systemic transcriptional reprogramming that overlaps with SAR. Loss-of-function mutations in arginine decarboxylase 2 (ADC2), which is required for putrescine synthesis and copper amine oxidase (CuAO), which is involved in putrescine oxidation, compromise basal defenses, as well as putrescine and pathogen-triggered systemic resistance. These findings confirm that putrescine elicits ROS-dependent SA pathways in the activation of plant defenses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Putrescine elicits ROS‐dependent activation of the salicylic acid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana

Liu

Atanasov

Arafaty

et al. 2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…transcription activator‐like (TAL) effectors (de Lange et al ., 2013). RipTAL induces the expression of plant genes involved in the synthesis of polyamines, evading their native translational regulation mechanisms (Wu et al ., 2019). It is hypothesized that this RipTAL‐induced boost of the plant polyamine levels prevents the proliferation of possible Ralstonia competitors (Wu et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Many T3es But For What Purpose?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The large, diverse, and robust arsenal of Ralstonia solanacearum type III effectors and their in planta functions

Landry

González‐Fuente

Deslandes

et al. 2020

Molecular Plant Pathology

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The type III secretion system with its delivered type III effectors (T3Es) is one of the main virulence determinants of Ralstonia solanacearum, a worldwide devastating plant pathogenic bacterium affecting many crop species. The pan‐effectome of the R. solanacearum species complex has been exhaustively identified and is composed of more than 100 different T3Es. Among the reported strains, their content ranges from 45 to 76 T3Es. This considerably large and varied effectome could be considered one of the factors contributing to the wide host range of R. solanacearum. In order to understand how R. solanacearum uses its T3Es to subvert the host cellular processes, many functional studies have been conducted over the last three decades. It has been shown that R. solanacearum effectors, as those from other plant pathogens, can suppress plant defence mechanisms, modulate the host metabolism, or avoid bacterial recognition through a wide variety of molecular mechanisms. R. solanacearum T3Es can also be perceived by the plant and trigger immune responses. To date, the molecular mechanisms employed by R. solanacearum T3Es to modulate these host processes have been described for a growing number of T3Es, although they remain unknown for the majority of them. In this microreview, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the characterized R. solanacearum species complex T3Es.

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“…A recent study by Peng et al [82] reported that Tal8 from Xtu target and induce the expression of host gene Ta-NCED-5BS, encode enzyme required for rate-limiting step in ABA biosynthesis, to promote disease susceptibility. In another new study, Wu et al [83] shown that TAL-effector Brg11 from Ralstonia solanacearum enhance the expression of 5-truncated ADC (arginine decarboxylase) transcripts that subvert translational control and thereby inhibit competing pathogens. In Xcm, Avrb6 was the first TALE shown to be important for virulence [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a virulence tal gene in the cotton pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum strain Xss-V2–18

et al. 2020

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Background: Bacterial blight of cotton (BBC), which is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm), is a destructive disease in cotton. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs), encoded by tal-genes, play critical roles in the pathogenesis of xanthomonads. Characterized strains of cotton pathogenic Xcm harbor 8-12 different tal genes and only one of them is functionally decoded. Further identification of novel tal genes in Xcm strains with virulence contributions are prerequisite to decipher the Xcm-cotton interactions. Results: In this study, we identified six tal genes in Xss-V 2 -18, a highly-virulent strain of Xcm from China, and assessed their role in BBC. RFLP-based Southern hybridization assays indicated that Xss-V 2 -18 harbors the six tal genes on a plasmid. The plasmid-encoded tal genes were isolated by cloning BamHI fragments and screening clones by colony hybridization. The tal genes were sequenced by inserting a Tn5 transposon in the DNA encoding the central repeat region (CRR) of each tal gene. Xcm TALome evolutionary relationship based on TALEs CRR revealed relatedness of Xss-V 2 -18 to MSCT1 and MS14003 from the United States. However, Tal2 of Xss-V 2 -18 differs at two repeat variable diresidues (RVDs) from Tal6 and Tal26 in MSCT1 and MS14003, respectively, inferred functional dissimilarity. The suicide vector pKMS1 was then used to construct tal deletion mutants in Xcm Xss-V 2 -18. The mutants were evaluated for pathogenicity in cotton based on symptomology and growth in planta. Four mutants showed attenuated virulence and all contained mutations in tal2. One tal2 mutant designated M2 was further investigated in complementation assays. When tal2 was introduced into Xcm M2 and expressed in trans, the mutant was complemented for both symptoms and growth in planta, thus indicating that tal2 functions as a virulence factor in Xcm Xss-V 2 -18. Conclusions:Overall, the results demonstrated that Tal2 is a major pathogenicity factor in Xcm strain Xss-V 2 -18 that contributes significantly in BBC. This study provides a foundation for future efforts aimed at identifying susceptibility genes in cotton that are targeted by Tal2.

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A Plant Pathogen Type III Effector Protein Subverts Translational Regulation to Boost Host Polyamine Levels

Cited by 74 publications

References 65 publications

Putrescine elicits ROS‐dependent activation of the salicylic acid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana

Putrescine elicits ROS‐dependent activation of the salicylic acid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana

The large, diverse, and robust arsenal of Ralstonia solanacearum type III effectors and their in planta functions

Identification of a virulence tal gene in the cotton pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum strain Xss-V2–18

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