A Plant Homolog of the Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase gp91phox Subunit Gene Encodes a Plasma Membrane Protein with Ca2+ Binding Motifs

Keller, Thomas C. S.; Damude, Howard G.; Werner, Dietrich; Doerner, Peter; Dixon, Richard A.; Lamb, Chris

doi:10.1105/tpc.10.2.255

Cited by 385 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Thus, appearance of Á O 2 À that is possibly produced by NADPH oxidase is linked to accessibility to Bgh (Hu È ckelhoven and Kogel, 1998). ROIs from NADPH oxidase activity are required for cell growth by regulating different processes, including calcium uptake, which might feed back NADPH oxidase activity that is Ca 2 stimulated (Keller et al, 1998;Sagi and Fluhr, 2001). Although participation of the NADPH oxidase in barley±Bgh interaction seems possible, we do not exclude other explanations, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Functional analysis of barley RAC/ROP G‐protein family members in susceptibility to the powdery mildew fungus

et al. 2003

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SummarySmall monomeric G-proteins of the plant ras (rat sarcome oncogene product) related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (RAC)/Rho of plants (ROP) family are molecular switches in signal transduction of many cellular processes. RAC/ROPs regulate hormone effects, subcellular gradients of Ca 2 , the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton and the production of reactive oxygen intermediates. Therefore, we followed a genetic bottom-up strategy to study the role of these proteins during the interaction of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with the fungal biotrophic pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh). We identi®ed six barley RAC/ ROP proteins and studied their gene expression. Five out of six Rac/Rop genes were expressed constitutively in the leaf epidermis, which is the site of interaction with Bgh. None of the genes showed enhancement of mRNA abundance after inoculation with Bgh. After microprojectile mediated transformation of single barley epidermal cells with constitutively activated mutant RAC/ROP proteins, we found an RAC/ ROP-speci®c enhancement of pathogen accessibility, tagging HvRACB, HvRAC3 and HvROP6 as host proteins potentially involved in the establishment of susceptibility to Bgh. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of green¯uorescent protein (GFP):HvRAC/ROP-transformed cells revealed varying strengths of plasma membrane association of barley RAC/ROPs. The C-terminal CAAX motif for presumable prenylation or the C-terminal hypervariable region (HVR), respectively, were required for membrane association of the RAC/ROPs. Proper intracellular localisation was essential for HvRACB and HvRAC3 function. Together, our data support the view that different paths of host signal transduction via RAC/ROP G-proteins are involved in processes supporting parasitic entry into epidermal host cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Functional analysis of barley RAC/ROP G‐protein family members in susceptibility to the powdery mildew fungus

et al. 2003

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“…The NADPH oxidase gene family is composed of 10 Rboh genes (Torres et al, 1998;Dangl and Jones, 2001) encoding plasma membrane proteins that display a cytosolic extension with two Ca 2+ -binding EF hands, likely responsible for their regulation by Ca 2+ (Keller et al, 1998). NADPH oxidase rapidly reduces apoplastic O 2 to O 2 2 as a primary product that then may be further converted to H 2 O 2 (Neill et al, 2002).…”

Section: Atrbohd Helps Mediate Ros Signaling In Seedlings/shoots Undementioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Oxygen Species-Driven Transcription in Arabidopsis under Oxygen Deprivation

et al. 2012

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role as triggers of gene expression during biotic and abiotic stresses, among which is low oxygen (O 2 ). Previous studies have shown that ROS regulation under low O 2 is driven by a RHO-like GTPase that allows tight control of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production. H 2 O 2 is thought to regulate the expression of heat shock proteins, in a mechanism that is common to both O 2 deprivation and to heat stress. In this work, we used publicly available Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) microarray datasets related to ROS and O 2 deprivation to define transcriptome convergence pattern. Our results show that although Arabidopsis response to anoxic and hypoxic treatments share a common core of genes related to the anaerobic metabolism, they differ in terms of ROS-related gene response. We propose that H 2 O 2 production under O 2 deprivation is a trait present in a very early phase of anoxia, and that ROS are needed for the regulation of a set of genes belonging to the heat shock protein and ROS-mediated groups. This mechanism, likely not regulated via the N-end rule pathway for O 2 sensing, is probably mediated by a NADPH oxidase and it is involved in plant tolerance to the stress.

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“…The first report of a plant RBOH revealed that unlike its mammalian homologue gp91 phox , it possesses additional potential regulatory EF-hand domains within an N-terminal extension (20). Like mammalian NADPH oxidases, plant RBOHs are transmembrane proteins that transfer electrons from intracellular NADPH across the plasma membrane before they are coupled to molecular oxygen in the apoplast to produce O 2 -and its subsequent dismutation product, H 2 O 2 ( Fig.…”

Section: Production Of Rois By Nadph Oxidasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Redox-Active Molecules and Their Signaling Functions During the Expression of Plant Disease Resistance

Skelly

Loake

2013

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

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Significance: Activation of immune responses in plants is associated with a parallel burst of both reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) and nitric oxide (NO). The mechanisms by which these small redox-active molecules are synthesized and their signaling functions are critical for plants to defend themselves against pathogen infection. Recent Advances: The synthesis of apoplastic ROIs by plants after pathogen recognition has long been attributed to membrane-bound NAPDH oxidases. However, the emerging data suggest a role for other enzymes in various subcellular locations in ROI production after defense activation. It is becoming widely appreciated that NO exerts its biochemical function through the S-nitrosylation of reactive cysteine thiols on target proteins, constituting a key post-translational modification. Recent evidence suggests that S-nitrosylation of specific defense-related proteins regulates their activity. Critical Issues: The source(s) of NO production after pathogen recognition remain(s) poorly understood. Some NO synthesis can be attributed to the activity of nitrate reductase but to date, no nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been identified in higher plants. However, the signaling functions of S-nitrosylation are becoming more apparent and thus dissecting the molecular machinery underpinning this redox-based modification is vital to further our understanding of plant disease resistance. Future Directions: In addition to identifying new contributors to the oxidative burst, the discovery of an NOS in higher plants would significantly move the field forward. Since S-nitrosylation has now been confirmed to play various roles in immune signaling, this redox-based modification is a potential target to exploit for improving disease resistance in crop species. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 19,[990][991][992][993][994][995][996][997]

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A Plant Homolog of the Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase gp91^phox Subunit Gene Encodes a Plasma Membrane Protein with Ca²⁺ Binding Motifs

Cited by 385 publications

References 37 publications

Functional analysis of barley RAC/ROP G‐protein family members in susceptibility to the powdery mildew fungus

Functional analysis of barley RAC/ROP G‐protein family members in susceptibility to the powdery mildew fungus

Reactive Oxygen Species-Driven Transcription in Arabidopsis under Oxygen Deprivation

Synthesis of Redox-Active Molecules and Their Signaling Functions During the Expression of Plant Disease Resistance

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