A Planar Cyclopentadithiophene–Benzothiadiazole-Based Copolymer with sp<sup>2</sup>-Hybridized Bis(alkylsulfanyl)methylene Substituents for Organic Thermoelectric Devices

Lee, Jiae; Kim, Jaeyun; Nguyen, Thanh Luan; Kim, Miso; Park, Juhyung; Lee, Yeran; Hwang, Sungu; Kwon, Young Wan; Kwak, Jeonghun; Woo, Han Young

doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00419

Cited by 51 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…[6,17] For this reason, it has been widely used in various fields of organic devices including organic field-effect transistors, [6,18] solar cells, [19][20][21] light-emitting diodes, [3] sensors, [22] and TE devices. [23] The fundamental principle of doping with BCF is known to be based on the Lewis acid-base interaction that induces the frontier orbital hybridization between the Lewis acidic boron atom and the Lewis basic nitrogen or sulfur atoms in conjugated polymers. [17,18,24] This process involves the formation of charge transfer complexes, which generally leads to the inefficient partial charge transfer mechanism; [5] in this process, the charge carrier transfer between the neat polymer and the complex can somehow occur but their mismatched energy levels make the transfer much less efficient compared to the direct integer charge transfer between the neat polymer and the dopant (i.e., ion-pair formation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, considering that the BCF-water complex is known to be a stronger Brønsted acid than even HCl in some solvents (e.g., acetonitrile), [27] we believe that it has great potential to dope conjugated polymers for TE applications. However, research on BCF has mostly focused on its Lewis acidic properties, [6,[17][18][19][20][21]23,24,28] and Brønsted acidic properties of BCF-water complexes have not yet been studied in depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brønsted Acid Doping of P3HT with Largely Soluble Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane for Highly Conductive and Stable Organic Thermoelectrics Via One‐Step Solution Mixing

Suh

Jung

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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Molecular doping is essential for improving the thermoelectric properties of conjugated polymers, but dopants of low solubility either restrict the formation of high quality films or complicate fabrication steps. Although a highly soluble molecular dopant, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF), has been sporadically studied, its potential has not yet been fully explored. Herein, particularly intriguing effects of Brønsted acid doping with BCF‐water complexes for poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are reported, which can facilitate substantial increases in electrical and thermoelectric properties with remarkable doping stabilities. Interestingly, a unique polymorph of P3HT with interdigitated alkyl chains (called type II) is observed in the Brønsted acid doping with BCF‐water complexes. Moreover, the doped P3HT shows conformational change to the quinoid structure, enabling increased backbone planarity. As a result, the Brønsted acid‐doped P3HT films exhibit outstanding electrical conductivities, thermoelectric power factors, and figure‐of‐merit of up to 33.0 S cm−1, 28.3 µW m−1 K−2, and 0.034, respectively. These values are at least an order of magnitude higher than those of P3HT films doped with a conventional molecular dopant, 7,7,8,8‐tetracyano‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoroquinodimethane. The Brønsted acid doping with BCF‐water complexes also affords excellent air stabilities of P3HT films, which potentially provides a strong comparative advantage over existing highly reactive salt‐type dopants, such as FeCl3.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brønsted Acid Doping of P3HT with Largely Soluble Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane for Highly Conductive and Stable Organic Thermoelectrics Via One‐Step Solution Mixing

Suh

Jung

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…These organic TMs demonstrated advantages for assembling flexible TEG devices, but their low Seebeck coefficient and low electrical conductivity resulted in poor ZT values as well as lower power factors than those of inorganic TMs, which limits their applications. To improve their thermoelectric properties, efforts were made to increase these polymers' conductivity by doping, dedoping, and implementing a hybrid with high conductive carbon/metal materials . For instance, Kim et al reported that the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) doped PEDOT:PSS derived a maximum polymer ZT value of 0.42 at room temperature .…”

Section: Materials For Energy Conversion Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber‐Based Energy Conversion Devices for Human‐Body Energy Harvesting

et al. 2019

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body is actually a tremendous storehouse of energy that is generated from body heat and motion. [15][16][17][18][19] Power generation from breathing, heating, blood transport, arm motion, typing, and walking could reach to over 100 W for a 68 kg adult's daily activities (Figure 1). [20] Thus, converting 1% of power from the human body may be enough to support the work of most portable electronics.In the past two decades, researchers have developed several energy conversion devices based on piezoelectricity, electrostaticity, triboelectricity, or thermoelectricity that can directly harvest the mechanical or thermal energy and convert it into electric energy (these conversion devices are so-called nanogenerators (NGs)). [21][22][23][24][25] The first nanogenerator (NG) based on ZnO was invented by Prof. Wang in 2006; after that, various NGs were developed to harvest the mechanical or thermal energy with the output performance increasing gradually. [26] These NGs are easy-to-construct flexible devices since most materials for these devices are polymers and nanomaterials. Generally, the flexible devices assembled by film materials can be stretchable and bendable in one direction. But their lack of air-permeability, poor 3D deformation, and low damage tolerance limit their application, especially for wearable electronics. Therefore, fiberbased energy conversion devices have been designed. [27] These fiber-based devices can also be knitted to yarn or fabric in the clothing system to build up a large area electronic system. [28,29] The energy generation and internal charging can be realized by means of a self-powered system that harvests the energy from natural sources around the human body to sustain the wearable electronics. [30][31][32] The search for functional materials that possess good conversion efficiency, as well as great mechanical and environmental stability, combined with a novel device design might push these devices to meet the requirement of a practical application. In the past decade, numerous contributions have been offered to improve the performance of fiber-based energy conversion devices (FBECD) and extend its application. This review specifically summarizes FBECD with different energy conversion mechanisms including piezoelectricity, electrostaticity, triboelectricity, and thermoelectricity in recent processes (Figure 2). The functional materials, fiber fabrication techniques, and device design strategies for different classes of FBECDs are covered in the article. We also introduce an overview of the fiber-based self-powered system and sensors and Following the rapid development of lightweight and flexible smart electronic products, providing energy for these electronics has become a hot research topic. The human body produces considerable mechanical and thermal energy during daily activities, which could be used to power most wearable electronics. In this context, fiber-based energy conversion devices (FBECD) are proposed as candidates for effective conversion of human-body energy into electricity...

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“…The efficiency with which a material converts a thermal gradient to electrical energy depends on the figure of merit ( ZT = S 2 σT /κ), where S , σ, T , and κ are Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, absolute temperature, and thermal conductivity, respectively . As the carrier concentration ( n ) increases, typically, σ and κ increase and S decreases . Thus, to obtain high ZT , it is essential to optimize the parameters correlated to the n of the material …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Present TE materials are usually comprising inorganic semi‐metallic alloy such as Bi 2 Te 3 , PbTe, and Sb 2 Te 3 ; however, practical application has rather limited because of their expensiveness and high toxicity . In contrast, organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials represent many advantages, such as light weight, low pollution, and adjustable molecular structure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cross‐Linking Effect on the Thermoelectric Properties of Conjugated Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Composite Films

Liu

Shinohara

Tan

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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Composite insulating organic material with conducting inorganic nanomaterial is a promising way to compensate the electrical conductivity, which is a prerequisite for the practical realization of the organic thermoelectrics. It is demonstrated that organic–inorganic interfacial interactions play critical rules for composites' thermoelectric performance. Here, an alternative interfacial engineering approach is proposed; that is, post‐blending cross‐linking of conjugated polymers (CPs). CPs substituted by exo‐olefin side chains that can form covalent cross‐linking via ruthenium‐catalyzed olefin metathesis are newly designed and synthesized. Pre‐cross‐link CP/single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) composites exhibit relatively high power factor that reach up to 70.3 µW m−1 K−2. It is found that the cross‐linking process, using second generation Grubbs reagent, is detrimental to the thermoelectric performance. Cross‐linked composites exhibit much lower power factor (0.77–19.7 µW m−1 K−2) mainly due to the low electric conductivity of the samples, while there is no significant change in Seebeck coefficient. It may be because the formation of tightly cross‐linked network hinders the transport of carriers in CP/SWCNT, resulting in a significant decrease in the electric conductivity. These structure–property relationship studies provide useful guidelines for designing organic thermoelectric materials with performance improvement and applied green processing.

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A Planar Cyclopentadithiophene–Benzothiadiazole-Based Copolymer with sp²-Hybridized Bis(alkylsulfanyl)methylene Substituents for Organic Thermoelectric Devices

Cited by 51 publications

References 45 publications

Brønsted Acid Doping of P3HT with Largely Soluble Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane for Highly Conductive and Stable Organic Thermoelectrics Via One‐Step Solution Mixing

Brønsted Acid Doping of P3HT with Largely Soluble Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane for Highly Conductive and Stable Organic Thermoelectrics Via One‐Step Solution Mixing

Fiber‐Based Energy Conversion Devices for Human‐Body Energy Harvesting

The Cross‐Linking Effect on the Thermoelectric Properties of Conjugated Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Composite Films

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A Planar Cyclopentadithiophene–Benzothiadiazole-Based Copolymer with sp2-Hybridized Bis(alkylsulfanyl)methylene Substituents for Organic Thermoelectric Devices

Cited by 51 publications

References 45 publications

Brønsted Acid Doping of P3HT with Largely Soluble Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane for Highly Conductive and Stable Organic Thermoelectrics Via One‐Step Solution Mixing

Brønsted Acid Doping of P3HT with Largely Soluble Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane for Highly Conductive and Stable Organic Thermoelectrics Via One‐Step Solution Mixing

Fiber‐Based Energy Conversion Devices for Human‐Body Energy Harvesting

The Cross‐Linking Effect on the Thermoelectric Properties of Conjugated Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Composite Films

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A Planar Cyclopentadithiophene–Benzothiadiazole-Based Copolymer with sp²-Hybridized Bis(alkylsulfanyl)methylene Substituents for Organic Thermoelectric Devices