A placebo‐controlled trial of long‐term oral combined continuous hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: effects on arterial compliance and endothelial function

Teede, Helena; Liang, Yu Lu; Kotsopoulos, Dimitra; Zoungas, Sophia; Craven, Robyn; McGrath, Barry P

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01382.x

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Estrogen may reduce arterial stiffness through a benefi cial effect on endothelial function. Although we have reported that HRT infl uences arterial stiffness determined by baPWV [12] , there are some studies with confl icting results [9,10] . We have shown that the defi ciency of endogenous estrogen deteriorates endothelial function by fl ow-mediated dilatation within 1 week [22] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In postmenopausal women, it has been shown that HRT improves cfPWV, but not femoral artery to the dorsalis pedis PWV (fdPWV) [9] . On the other hand, randomized placebocontrolled trials showed that HRT did not improve both cfPWV and fdPWV [10,11] . We previously reported that estrogen administration improved baPWV in normotensive postmenopausal women [12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Impact of Menopause on the Augmentation of Arterial Stiffness with Aging

Takahashi

Miura²,

Mori-Abe³

et al. 2005

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Background/Aims: Aortic stiffness, determined by pulse wave velocity (PWV), is an independent marker of cardiovascular risk. PWV is mainly influenced by age-associated alterations in arterial wall structure and blood pressure. The present study was conducted to assess the impact of menopause on the brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) in healthy women. Methods: Fifty premenopausal women aged 22–54 years and 40 postmenopausal women aged 40–73 years were recruited for this study. Subjects with hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia were strictly excluded. The results of baPWV were analyzed chronologically by 10- or 5-year age intervals. Results: There was no significant difference in baPWV between premenopausal and postmenopausal women in their 40s and 50s. The baPWV of postmenopausal women aged over 60 years was significantly higher than that of postmenopausal women in their 50s. To clarify the age-dependent elevation in baPWV in detail, women their 50s and 60s were divided into subgroups by 5-year age intervals. There was no significant difference in baPWV among the 50–54-, 55–59- and 60–64-year subgroups. baPWV significantly increased in the 65–69- year subgroup (p< 0.05). There was a significant relationship between baPWV and age in premenopausal (r = 0.452, p = 0.001) and postmenopausal (r = 0.581, p < 0.0001) women. The slope of the regression line for baPWV plotted against age was steeper in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women. Conclusions: This study produces suggestive evidence that menopause amplifies the age-dependent increase in arterial stiffness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Impact of Menopause on the Augmentation of Arterial Stiffness with Aging

Takahashi

Miura²,

Mori-Abe³

et al. 2005

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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“…In contrast, the findings from our dietary soy/ isoflavone study in normotensive subjects noted a significant reduction in blood pressure. 7 Given these discrepancies and the fact that estrogen does not reduce blood pressure, 36 the hypotensive effects of soy may not be mediated by estrogenic mechanisms and be unrelated to isoflavones.…”

Section: Teede Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoflavones Reduce Arterial Stiffness

Teede

McGrath

DeSilva

et al. 2003

ATVB

Self Cite

193

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Objective-This study was undertaken to address the vascular effects of isolated isoflavones as potential contributors to their cardioprotective properties, focusing on biochanin and formononetin. Methods and Results-In a randomized, double-blind trial, 80 healthy subjects, 46 men and 34 women, 45 to 75 years of age, received isoflavones enriched in either biochanin or formononetin (precursors of genistein and daidzein; 80 mg/d) crossed over randomly with placebo in two 6-week periods. The end points were measured at baseline and after each intervention and included large artery stiffness (systemic arterial compliance and pulse wave velocity), endothelial function in conduit arteries (flow-mediated vasodilation), 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, and total peripheral resistance. Isoflavone intervention significantly reduced arterial stiffness with improved systemic arterial compliance (Pϭ0.04; repeated-measures ANOVA, Bonferroni correction) attributable to a reduction in total peripheral resistance (Pϭ0.03) and a corresponding reduction in central pulse wave velocity (Pϭ0.02) compared with placebo. Isoflavones did not affect blood pressure (Pϭ0.5) or flow-mediated vasodilation (Pϭ0.44). Improvements seemed limited to formononetin-enriched isoflavones (adjusted Pϭ0.06). Formononetin treatment also reduced circulating vascular adhesion cell molecule-1 (PϽ0.01). Conclusions-In normotensive men and postmenopausal women, red clover isoflavones enriched in formononetin reduced arterial stiffness and total vascular resistance but had no effect on blood pressure. These effects may partly explain the lower cardiovascular risk in populations eating isoflavone-rich diets.

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“…Estriol has been considered to be an antagonist of estradiol. [14][15][16][17] The data so far available concerning estriol action on the endometrium, myometrium, vagina and breast are ambiguous, and they provide contradictory information. [18][19][20][21] It seems that differences in the affinity, specificity and concentrations of ERs in individual tissues are of much greater importance, together with changes in effector tissues that lead to different responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

xpression of estrogen and progesterone receptor genes in endometrium, myometrium and vagina of postmenopausal women treated with estriol

et al. 2009

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Estriol is an estrogen with considerably weaker stimulatory effects on endometrial proliferation than estradiol. A study was conducted to determine the level of estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs) in women who received 14-day vaginal estriol therapy, compared with those who did not receive this therapy. ER and PR gene expression was analyzed in the endometrium, myometrium and vagina of postmenopausal women treated with estriol. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study, at the Research Institute of the Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland. METHODS: Twenty-seven postmenopausal women (57-74 years of age) were included in the study. All of them were waiting for per vaginam hysterectomy or plastic surgery on the vagina and perineum because of uterine prolapse. ER and PR gene expression was determined by means of the technique of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: In the estriol-treated patients, in comparison with the control group, a significant increase in ER gene expression was observed in the endometrium and vagina, while enhanced PR gene expression was found in the endometrium. However, under histological examination of the endometrium, estrogen stimulation of low and medium degree was diagnosed for 21.4% and 14.3% of the estriol-treated women, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results obtained suggest that the women who received 14 days of treatment with vaginal estriol had higher ER and PR mRNA levels. No difference between these groups regarding endometrial proliferation was observed.

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A placebo‐controlled trial of long‐term oral combined continuous hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: effects on arterial compliance and endothelial function

Cited by 48 publications

References 46 publications

Impact of Menopause on the Augmentation of Arterial Stiffness with Aging

Impact of Menopause on the Augmentation of Arterial Stiffness with Aging

Isoflavones Reduce Arterial Stiffness

xpression of estrogen and progesterone receptor genes in endometrium, myometrium and vagina of postmenopausal women treated with estriol

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