A pilot study to measure the compressive and tensile forces required to use retractable intramuscular safety syringes

Haiduven, Donna; Applegarth, Shawn; DiSalvo, Heidi; Mangipudy, S.; Konopack, Jason; Fisher, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2006.04.212

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The depth of the injected solution into ballistic gelatine (a validated tissue simulant)10,11 was tested by analysing a series of photographs taken for up to 10 seconds (±0.5 seconds) after activation, using an application programmed in Matlab © (version R2008A; The Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA). To visualize the ejected volume, the transparent medication in each device was colored with 0.05 mL of ink.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are adrenaline autoinjectors fit for purpose? A pilot study of the mechanical and injection performance characteristics of a cartridge- versus a syringe-based autoinjector

Schwirtz

Seeger²

2010

JAA

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Background:Adrenaline autoinjectors (AAIs) are prescribed to facilitate the intramuscular administration of adrenaline in patients diagnosed with life-threatening anaphylaxis. This pilot study investigated the injection and functional properties of two AAIs (deploying different delivery systems) under standard conditions, after dynamic and mechanical stresses, and in the presence of denim.Methods:The differences between a cartridge-based AAI (EpiPen® Junior) and a syringe-based AAI (Anapen® Junior) were assessed using three sets of tests. Test 1: under standard conditions, the injection depth and dose were measured in ballistic gelatine (a validated tissue simulant). Test 2: before the safety cap removal and activation forces were measured, AAIs were subjected to either of two preconditioning tests: 1) free-fall drop test; or 2) static load (ie, 400 N, equivalent to 40 kg weight) test; or 3) no preconditioning. Test 3: under standard conditions, injection properties into ballistic gelatine in the presence and absence of denim were investigated. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student’s t-test or Welch’s test.Results:The maximum depth of delivery was significantly greater with cartridge AAI (n = 4, mean 21.09 ± 2.54 mm) than with syringe AAI (n = 5; mean 11.64 ± 0.80 mm; P = 0.003). After 2.5 seconds, cartridge AAI (n = 4) discharged significantly more dose than syringe AAI (n = 3; 74.3% versus 25.7% of total dose; P = 0.001). Both cartridge and syringe AAI withstood the free-fall drop test, but almost all devices failed to activate following the static load test. Under standard conditions, significantly less force was required to remove the safety cap of cartridge AAI than syringe AAI (both n = 15; mean 9.56 ± 2.36 N versus 20.23 ± 6.61 N, respectively; P < 0.001), but a significantly greater activation force was required for cartridge AAI than syringe AAI (mean 23.01 ± 3.96 N versus 8.06 ± 0.51 N, respectively; P < 0.001). The presence of denim did not alter the activation force or effective needle length of either of the AAIs.Conclusion:Cartridge AAI appears significantly more capable of consistently and rapidly delivering a clinically relevant dose of intramuscular adrenaline than syringe AAI. However, both devices showed shortcomings in their ability to sustain mechanical stress similar to that which is likely over their shelf life, and as such, may not be fit for life-saving purpose.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ballistic gelatine has been used as a tissue simulant for research purposes since the 1960s 10,11. The ballistic gelatine blocks were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Gelita Gelatine, Typ Ballistic 3; Lot: 73211).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are adrenaline autoinjectors fit for purpose? A pilot study of the mechanical and injection performance characteristics of a cartridge- versus a syringe-based autoinjector

Schwirtz

Seeger²

2010

JAA

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“…Collaboration with the field of product design has led to the highly successful Training for Development of Innovative Control Technologies (TDICT) project, which has brought together the occupational health and product design fields, as well as frontline healthcare workers to develop and evaluate safe needles and other sharp devices for use in healthcare (Fisher, 1999;Fisher & Wilburn, 2000;Fisher, 2008a;Haiduven et al, 2006). The TDICT project utilizes a health and safety committee structure to identify and select safe sharp devices.…”

Section: Training For Development Of Innovative Control Technologies mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Evaluation for Workplace Violence in Healthcare and Social Services

McPhaul

London

Murrett³

et al. 2008

Journal of Safety Research

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“…The candidate safety technologies were identified through a review of the literature and educational safety resources [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] . Candidate technologies included safety needles, retractable syringes, shielded syringes, and mechanical syringes [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] . The devices initially were tested ex vivo and were used in clinical practice to obtain experience with the idiosyncrasies of each device.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Syringes and Anti-Needlestick Devices in Orthopaedic Surgery

Sibbitt

Band

Kettwich

et al. 2011

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

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The most effective and reliable safety devices for orthopaedic syringe procedures are shielded safety needles, mechanical syringes, manual retractable syringes, and shielded syringes, but not automatic retractable syringes. Even when adopting safety-engineered devices for an orthopaedic clinic, conventional syringes larger than 20 mL and conventional needles longer than 1.5 in (3.8 cm) are necessary.

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A pilot study to measure the compressive and tensile forces required to use retractable intramuscular safety syringes

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Are adrenaline autoinjectors fit for purpose? A pilot study of the mechanical and injection performance characteristics of a cartridge- versus a syringe-based autoinjector

Are adrenaline autoinjectors fit for purpose? A pilot study of the mechanical and injection performance characteristics of a cartridge- versus a syringe-based autoinjector

Environmental Evaluation for Workplace Violence in Healthcare and Social Services

Safety Syringes and Anti-Needlestick Devices in Orthopaedic Surgery

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