A Pilot Study to Evaluate Pharmaceutical Pictograms in a Multispecialty Hospital at Dehradun

Joshi, Yadav Prasad; Kothiyal, Preeti

doi:10.4103/0975-1483.80306

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For clarity, pictograms should be supplemented by a clear and simple oral statement provided by healthcare professionals [27]. It is worth mentioning that among illiterate populations, verbal explanations are indispensable, and in many clinical scenarios they are crucial to effective comprehension of drug-related information conveyed in pictograms [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient counselling service with the use of pictograms as the example of pharmacist intervention to improving compliance and medicine safety

Merks

Świeczkowski

Balcerzak³

et al. 2021

Cardiol J.

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Background: Pharmaceutical pictograms have been designed to help communicate medication instructions to patients. Pictograms used within a patient counseling service can significantly improve medication compliance and adherence. The study aimed to assess the improvement of adherence to therapy with the use of pictogram intervention in comparison to standard pharmacy practice in community pharmacies. Methods: Pictograms informing about the proper way of using metoprolol prolonged release tablets were designed to be used on the packages of the drug in community pharmacies. Pharmacies belonging to a pharmacy practice-based research network were randomly assigned to a group using pictograms when dispensing the drug or one following their normal practice. At the first visit, all patients answered a structured questionnaire about their medication behavior in the preceding 7 days. The same questions were asked 4 weeks later to follow-up treatment adherence change and compare studied groups. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data, and the McNemar test was used to compare categorical data at baseline and follow-up. Results: Of a total of 253 patients screened, 117 and 104 patients completed the study in the standard practice and pictogram groups, respectively. The use of pictograms significantly improved medication adherence in the following areas: not omitting doses (p < 0.0001), not crushing tablets (p = 0.004), number of tablets/day (p = 0.49), and time of use (p = 0.001), compared to the standard practice group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that pictograms are effective in conveying messages about the proper way of using medications, and they increase treatment adherence, in comparison to standard dispensing practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient counselling service with the use of pictograms as the example of pharmacist intervention to improving compliance and medicine safety

Merks

Świeczkowski

Balcerzak³

et al. 2021

Cardiol J.

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“…Literature agrees that patient counseling is important to provide the intended meaning of text and pictogram instructions on medicines. 2 , 8 , 25 In our study, the OR medicine labels were not explained to participants before asking the participant to interpret the pictograms, because this study aimed to simulate routine practices at PHC facilities where patient counseling is limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Pictograms are sometimes used to represent information about medication, doses, precautions and warnings in picture format. 7 Its use has shown to support patients’ ability to understand medicine information 8 and adhere to medication regimens. 9 South African studies of pictograms on medicine labels and patient information leaflets (PIL) are prevalent 10 and most evidence (although not exclusively) are available for isiXhosa speaking individuals from the Eastern Cape Province for antiretroviral medicines and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated opportunistic infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of using text and pictograms on oral rehydration, dry-mixture sachet labels

Heyns

Huyssteen

Bheekie

2021

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine

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Background Medication labels are often the only information available to patients after obtaining medication from a healthcare practitioner. Pictograms are graphic symbols that have shown to increase understanding of medicine use instructions. Aim To compare the accuracy of the interpretation of medicine use instructions from two different oral rehydration (OR) dry-mixture sachet labels – the control ‘routine textonly’ label and an experimental label with ‘text-and-pictograms’. Setting Participants were recruited from waiting rooms in public primary health care (PHC) facilities in Cape Town. Method Each participant was required to answer six questions about OR preparation. Response accuracy was determined by comparing the participant’s answer to the actual information written on the relevant label. Afterwards, participants could offer their opinion about the label and ways to improve their understanding. Results Of the 132 participants who were recruited, 67 were allocated to the experimental group and 65 to the control group. Only the significant difference between the experimental and control groups for the six questions regarding the label, was recorded for the answer that could be read from a single pictogram ( p = 0.00) on the experimental group’s label. When asked about this question, more control participants (15/65) found the dosing instruction difficult to understand when compared to the experimental group (1/67). A third of the control participants (22/65) indicated that they could not see or locate instructions on the label. Conclusion Text and pictograms on written medicine labels may be an effective tool to aid understanding of medicine use instructions amongst patients attending PHC facilities.

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“…Participants were recruited as in the same way as used in phase I. Participants were asked to look at a series of the first draft pictograms and their comprehension was tested [23,24] . The answers given by participants were then compared to the intended meaning to calculate the ANSI score.…”

Section: Recruitment Of Participants and Conduct Of Interviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a Pictogram for Thai Patients with Low Literate Skills

Phimarn¹,

Ritthiya²,

Rungsoongnoen³

et al. 2019

pharmaceutical-sciences

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Low literacy is an important and widespread problem. Deficiencies in basic reading, communicating, and comprehension skills significantly affect the ability to function in daily life, particularly effective use of medicines, as patients cannot perform necessary functions in health care environment such as understanding the directions on the label on medication packages [1]. In 1990, the UNESCO reported 26.6 % of adults in the world were illiterate and of those 34.9 % were in developing countries [2]. Illiteracy rate was found quite high (30 %) in Asia, whereas it was as low as 1 % in developed countries [3]. In Thailand, the report of literacy survey illustrated that Thai people were approximately 95 % literate [4]. The Thai National Statistical Institute reported more than 7.5 % of Thai people over the age of 50 were illiterate [5]. Level of literacy has an impact on health literacy, which means the cognitive and social skills of individuals to gain access to understand and use promoted health information for maintaining good health [6]. Inadequate health literacy may therefore decrease abilities of people to understand health information. In addition, people with low literacy are likely to have difficulties in understanding language/instruction in medication labels [6,7]. This problem results in poor health outcomes and high healthcare costs [8-10]. Previous studies reported that abilities to read [11,12] and understand medication [13] labels are important to medication adherence. One way to facilitate communication of medication information with patients, who literacy skills are limited, is to incorporate visual aids; such as graphic symbols or pictograms, on medication labels and leaflets [14] .

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A Pilot Study to Evaluate Pharmaceutical Pictograms in a Multispecialty Hospital at Dehradun

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

Patient counselling service with the use of pictograms as the example of pharmacist intervention to improving compliance and medicine safety

Patient counselling service with the use of pictograms as the example of pharmacist intervention to improving compliance and medicine safety

The effectiveness of using text and pictograms on oral rehydration, dry-mixture sachet labels

Development and Evaluation of a Pictogram for Thai Patients with Low Literate Skills

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