A pilot study on the influence of mouth configuration and torso on singing voice directivity

Brandner, Manuel; Blandin, Rémi; Frank, Matthias; Sontacchi, Alois

doi:10.1121/10.0001736

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…On one hand, the effect of geometrical details such as the piriform fossae, 1 the vallecula, 2 the inter-dental space, the nasal cavity or more generally the precise 3D vocal-tract shape have been observed to affect resonance frequencies and induce additional resonances and anti-resonances [53], [54]. On the other hand, the higherorder modes have been shown to induce additional resonances and anti-resonances at frequencies above 4-5 kHz [11] and affect speech radiation patterns [12], [16]. Note that side branches can be modelled with TLM, however, to our knowledge, no correction has been proposed to take into account transverse modes.…”

Section: B Limits Of Current Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient 3D Acoustic Simulation of the Vocal Tract by Combining the Multimodal Method and Finite Elements

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acoustic simulation of sound propagation inside the vocal tract is a key element of speech research, especially for articulatory synthesis, which allows one to relate the physics of speech production to other fields of speech science, such as speech perception. Usual methods, such as the transmission line method, have a very low computational cost and perform relatively good up to 4-5 kHz, but are not satisfying above. Fully numerical 3D methods such as finite elements achieve the best accuracy, but have a very high computational cost. Better performances are achieved with the state of the art semi-analytical methods, but they cannot describe the vocal tract geometry as accurately as fully numerical methods (e.g. no possibility to take into account the curvature). This work proposes a new semi-analytical method that achieves a better description of the three-dimensional vocal-tract geometry while keeping the computational cost substantially lower than the fully numerical methods. It is a multimodal method which relies on twodimensional finite elements to compute transverse modes and takes into account the curvature and the variations of cross-sectional area. The comparison with finite element simulations shows that the same degree of accuracy (about 1 % of difference in the resonance frequencies) is achieved with a computational cost about 10 times lower.

show abstract

Section: B Limits Of Current Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient 3D Acoustic Simulation of the Vocal Tract by Combining the Multimodal Method and Finite Elements

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The numerical methods are the analytical model of a piston on a sphere and a measurement-based model generated by fitting circular harmonics on measured directivity data. The KEMAR mouth simulator has been chosen for its detailed anthropomorphic design, a design that is intended to repeatedly reproduce speech recordings which include the near-field self-scattering effects from the head and chest of a human speaker [5]. The loudspeaker has been chosen as a more accessible option due to its widespread use in acoustic measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known for a having a smooth directivity and has a relatively low cost when compared to laboratory mouth simulators. The piston on sphere model (PoS) is a physical model commonly used for studying speech directivity [5,6]. It includes a piston, approximating the mouth source, mounted on a rigid spherical baffle, approximating the head.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of reproducible speech devices is intrinsically connected to the initial studies on the sound field of speech around the human head, or speech directivity [7,8]. A considerable amount of research has been published relating to speech directivity including large directivity samples [9], directivity while singing [10,11,5], the directivity of low and high levels of speech [11], the directional characteristics of specific phonemes [12,13], as well as modern methods to capture [14,5] and spatially up-sample [15] speech directivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparison was performed between the directivity of average speech and a mouth simulator [19] in the farfield, but it only studied a single male subject up to frequencies of 2 kHz. Comparisons have also been made between the Brüel and Kjaer 4128 head and torso simulator (HATS), the PoS model and specific mouth configurations of singers, revealing good directivity matching for one normal mouth configuration [5]. The KEMAR mouth simulator has been compared to the PoS model in terms of directivity up to 6.5 kHz for four frequency bands [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Near-Field Evaluation of Reproducible Speech Sources

Gonzalez¹,

McKenzie²,

Politis³

et al. 2022

J. Audio Eng. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spatial speech reproduction capabilities of a KEMAR mouth simulator, a loudspeaker, the piston on sphere model and a circular harmonic fitting are evaluated in the near-field. The speech directivity of 24 human subjects, both male and female, is measured using a semicircular microphone array of radius 36.5 cm in the horizontal plane. Impulse responses are captured for the two devices and filters are generated for the two numerical models to emulate their directional effect on speech reproduction. The four repeatable speech sources are evaluated through comparison to the recorded human speech both objectively, through directivity pattern and spectral magnitude differences, and subjectively, through a listening test on perceived coloration. Results show that the repeatable sources perform relatively well under the metric of directivity but irregularities in their directivity patterns introduce audible coloration for off-axis directions.

show abstract

Investigation of the influence of the torso, lips and vocal tract configuration on speech directivity using measurements from a custom head and torso simulator

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The human voice is a directional sound source. This property has been explored for more than 200 years, mainly using measurements of human participants. Some efforts have been made to understand the anatomical parameters that influence speech directivity, e.g., the mouth opening, diffraction and reflections due to the head and torso, the lips and the vocal tract. However, these parameters have mostly been studied separately, without being integrated into a complete model or replica. The aim of this work was to study the combined influence of the torso, the lips and the vocal tract geometry on speech directivity. For this purpose, a simplified head and torso simulator was built; this simulator made it possible to vary these parameters independently. It consisted of two spheres representing the head and the torso into which vocal tract replicas with or without lips could be inserted. The directivity patterns were measured in an anechoic room with a turntable and a microphone that could be placed at different angular positions. Different effects such as torso diffraction and reflections, the correlation of the mouth dimensions with directionality, the higher-order modes and the increase in directionality due to the lips were confirmed and further documented. Interactions between the different parameters were found. It was observed that torso diffraction and reflections were enhanced by the presence of the lips, that they could be modified or masked by the effect of higher-order modes and that the lips tend to attenuate the effect of higher-order modes.

show abstract

A pilot study on the influence of mouth configuration and torso on singing voice directivity

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Efficient 3D Acoustic Simulation of the Vocal Tract by Combining the Multimodal Method and Finite Elements

Efficient 3D Acoustic Simulation of the Vocal Tract by Combining the Multimodal Method and Finite Elements

Near-Field Evaluation of Reproducible Speech Sources

Investigation of the influence of the torso, lips and vocal tract configuration on speech directivity using measurements from a custom head and torso simulator

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About