A pilot study on the effects of cognitive remediation on hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal cortices of patients with schizophrenia: A multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy study

Pu, Shenghong; Nakagome, Kazuyuki; Yamada, Takeshi; Ikezawa, Shunjiro; Itakura, Masashi; Satake, Takahiro; Ishida, Hisahito; Nagata, Izumi; Mogami, Tamiko; Kaneko, Koichi

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.01.031

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Pu et al (65) measured changes in prefrontal activity during n -back tasks using NIRS, after patients had received 60 h of computerized CRT sessions. The authors reported increased activity in bilateral dorsolateral PFC, left ventrolateral PFC, and right frontopolar PFC for the CRT group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some have reported increased occipital activation during task-related and resting state activity (54, 63), increased activity in Broca’s area (65), and normalized sensory gating in the superior temporal gyrus (59, 60), though changes in sensory regions are not reported in all studies. This may also be influenced by the differing usage of data-driven or a priori placement of regions of interest, or the use of whole-brain analysis, which may have led to the sporadic reports of neural changes in sensory regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Neurobiology of Cognitive Remediation Therapy for Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review

2014

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Cognitive impairment is an important aspect of schizophrenia, where cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) is a promising treatment for improving cognitive functioning. While neurobiological dysfunction in schizophrenia has been the target of much research, the neural substrate of cognitive remediation and recovery has not been thoroughly examined. The aim of the present article is to systematically review the evidence for neural changes after CRT for schizophrenia. The reviewed studies indicate that CRT affects several brain regions and circuits, including prefrontal, parietal, and limbic areas, both in terms of activity and structure. Changes in prefrontal areas are the most reported finding, fitting to previous evidence of dysfunction in this region. Two limitations of the current research are the few studies and the lack of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying neural and cognitive changes after treatment. Despite these limitations, the current evidence suggests that CRT is associated with both neurobiological and cognitive improvement. The evidence from these findings may shed light on both the neural substrate of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, and how better treatment can be developed and applied.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Neurobiology of Cognitive Remediation Therapy for Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review

2014

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“…Only one study was conducted by region of interest (Haut et al., ), and the others excluded certain motor regions or covered all cerebral activity. Generally speaking, in the training studies, the increases in cerebral activity were observed in the prefrontal regions: inferior, superior, and middle frontal gyrus (Bor et al., ; Hooker et al., ; Subramaniam et al., ), anterior cingulate gyrus (Bor et al., ; Haut et al., ), frontopolar cortex (Bor et al., ; Haut et al., ), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Haut et al., ; Pu et al., ), precentral, and postcentral gyrus (Subramaniam et al., ). Some temporal regions were also affected, including the superior temporal gyrus and the angular gyrus (Hooker et al., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The duration of the programs varied from 14 to 45 weeks with between 2 and 4 hr of therapy per week. The increased cerebral activity observed after remediation was mainly concentrated in the frontal regions in the middle and inferior frontal gyrus (Vianin et al., ), the precentral gyrus (Vianin et al., ), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Keshavan et al., ; Pu et al., ), the midcingulate cortex (Penadés et al., ; Vianin et al., ), the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (Pu et al., ), and the frontopolar cortex (Pu et al., ; Vianin et al., ). Increases in activity were also found in the parietal and occipital lobes, the inferior and superior parietal lobule (Vianin et al., ), precuneus (Penadés et al., ), the middle and inferior occipital gyrus (Penadés et al., ; Vianin et al., ), and the lingual gyrus (Penadés et al., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of cognitive remediation on cerebral activity in schizophrenia: Systematic review of the literature

Bon

Franck

2018

Brain and Behavior

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Contextcognitive remediation involves either intensive training of impaired functions or implementing strategies to compensate for these impairments. In cases of schizophrenia, both methods have demonstrated benefits in terms of behavior and cerebral activity. However, despite the major differences between these two approaches, their impact has not yet been compared.MethodWe searched the PsychInfo, Pubmed, and ScienceDirect databases using the key words “cognitive remediation,” “schizophrenia,” “cerebral activity,” and “magnetic resonance imaging,” in order to select studies investigating the effects of cognitive remediation on patients with schizophrenia. The studies selected had to present their approach in detail and measure its impact in terms of both cerebral activity and cognitive function, both before and after therapy. We divided the studies into two groups, those using the strategy method and those using the training method.ResultsEight studies were included in the review, four for the strategy method (88 patients, 44 of whom underwent remediation) and 4 for the training method (87 patients, 43 of whom underwent remediation). The analysis of the results of this study indicates that the training method is capable of activating more the targeted brain areas than the strategy method. However, the latter appears to encourage more extensive activation of the cerebral networks.DiscussionThe studies used for this review vary widely in terms of the imaging methods and protocol. However, differences were found between the two methods and lead us to suggest that further studies, with proper bias control, should be conducted to systematically compare the two approaches.

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“…CR has been shown to improve frontal activity [12], prevent grey matter decay [13], improve brain network efficiency [14 ] and task-related blood flow in frontotemporal areas [15]. These are important, but mainly unremarkable, findings as it is unlikely that cognitive improvement could occur without change in the way the brain functions, although preventing grey matter loss is a surprising benefit.…”

Section: A Consensus On Crmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive remediation in schizophrenia—now it is really getting personal

Cella

Reeder

Wykes

2015

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

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Cognitive problems are consistently documented in people with schizophrenia. They negatively influence functioning and contribute to the long term consequences of the illness. Cognitive remediation (CR) is a psychological intervention developed to target these cognitive difficulties. There is evidence that CR is beneficial but there is still a limited understanding of how the putative active therapy ingredients contribute to changes in the brain and translate into improved functioning. This paper reviews recent research focused on topics that, in our view, will drive future developments such as the identification of translational mechanisms, the personalisation of CR, the best implementation methods and potential augmenting strategies to improve treatment effectiveness.

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A pilot study on the effects of cognitive remediation on hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal cortices of patients with schizophrenia: A multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy study

Cited by 25 publications

References 54 publications

Neurobiology of Cognitive Remediation Therapy for Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review

Neurobiology of Cognitive Remediation Therapy for Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review

The impact of cognitive remediation on cerebral activity in schizophrenia: Systematic review of the literature

Cognitive remediation in schizophrenia—now it is really getting personal

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