A pilot study of the in vitro antimicrobial activity and in vivo residual activity of chlorhexidine and acetic acid/boric acid impregnated cleansing wipes

Rafferty, Rebecca; Robinson, Victoria; Harris, Jennifer; Argyle, Sally A.; Nuttall, Tim

doi:10.1186/s12917-019-2098-z

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Boric acid did not show activity against all microorganisms tested. A study on in vitro antimicrobial activity of acetic acid/boric acid impregnated cleansing wipes found no antimicrobial activity, although they are marketed as antiseptic, antibacterial and/or antifungal cleansing wipes (Rafferty et al, 2019). Propylene glycol showed no activity against PRT, PSM and MLZ, despite reports of its antimicrobial (Nalawade et al, 2015) and antifungal actions (Lloyd et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern in human and veterinary healthcare and effective use of antiseptics to reduce antibiotic use is often studied (Rafferty et al, 2019). The use of antiseptics as an alternative therapy in the control of multidrug-resistant bacteria has gained importance in veterinary medicine, provided there is no evidence of resistance to these agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity and diffusion capacity of solutions used for canine ear cleaning

Scherer

Botoni

Keller

et al. 2021

RSD

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Otitis is a common condition among dogs and requires appropriate treatment. Given the importance of the otitis externa and the use of products to combat this condition, this study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial abilities of six commercial ear cleaners solutions (EC1 to EC6) and solutions of 3% boric acid, 3% lactic acid, 0.11% salicylic acid, 0.5% chlorhexidine, and 3% propylene glycol against Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp., and Malassezia spp. The in vitro diffusion capacity in synthetic cerumen was also assessed. Dogs with clinical signs of otitis externa were selected and samples were collected from the external ear canals. The microbiological study was performed to identify the microorganisms from samples collected and the microorganisms isolated were used in the study. One ceruminolytic for human use and five commercial solutions used for canine ear cleaning were selected based on the diversity of the components used in each formula. The results show a variation of antimicrobial activity and diffusion capacity ear cleaners and its compounds. Lactic acid, chlorhexidine, EC1, EC2, EC4, and EC5 showed the best results for microbiological growth inhibition; boric acid, salicylic acid, propylene glycol and EC6 had little or no effect on microorganism growth. The ECs tested demonstrated diffusion capacity using the SSC. EC1 was the solution with the most significant responses, both as an antimicrobial agent and with regards to diffusion capacity. Among the commercial veterinary products tested, EC4 was found to have the best results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity and diffusion capacity of solutions used for canine ear cleaning

Scherer

Botoni

Keller

et al. 2021

RSD

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“…pseudintermedius (MSSP), methicillin‐resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), E . coli , and M. pachydermatis 8 . Differences in efficacy of different types of vinegar may be due to differences in preparation, AA content, and pH 7 .…”

Section: Antimicrobial Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pseudintermedius (MSSP), methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), E. coli, and M. pachydermatis. 8 Differences in efficacy of different types of vinegar may be due to differences in preparation, AA content, and pH. 7 The antimicrobial capacity of ACV against E. coli (5% acidity), S. aureus (2.5% acidity), and C. albicans (0.1% acidity) restricted growth and resembled an antibiotic-like mechanism of action by decreasing inflammation and upregulating phagocytic capacity of monocytes.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetic acid and the skin: a review of vinegar in dermatology

2021

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Vinegar is commonly used as a home remedy for many skin problems. It is important for dermatologists to understand the evidence supporting its use in skin disease, as well as potential adverse effects, so they can properly counsel patients on the safe use of this widely available treatment. Vinegar possesses antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that provide utility in wound care as well as bacterial and fungal infections. There is also evidence to support its use in pruritus, head lice removal, and treatment of striae gravidarum. While generally safe, inappropriate use can result in damage to the skin. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting vinegar as a treatment for skin disease, as well as adverse events reported from misuse, to provide dermatologists the knowledge to counsel patients on the safe and appropriate use of vinegar.

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“…Topical formulations offer a local approach, delivering ingredients directly to the skin where pathogens live. Among the wide variety of antimicrobial agents that have been used in dogs, the antiseptic chlorhexidine has the strongest evidence supporting its antibacterial action (1,3,10). Moderate evidence on chlorhexidine effect when used alone against Malassezia is available (6,(11)(12)(13)(14) and most of them are in vitro data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Daily Pads Containing Ophytrium and Chlorhexidine Digluconate 3% in Dogs With Local Cutaneous Bacterial and/or Malassezia Overgrowth

Gatellet

Kesteman

Baulez³

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Local disturbances of the microbiota are common in dogs with underlying skin conditions. Antiseptic topical products are indicated to control such superficial disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a daily application of pads containing Ophytrium and chlorhexidine digluconate 3% (DOUXO® S3 PYO Pads, Ceva Santé Animale, France) in dogs with focal bacterial and/or Malassezia overgrowth. Eighteen dogs with focal skin dysbiosis were included in the analysis of this prospective, multicentric, field study. Dogs received daily pad applications for 14 days. Bacterial and/or Malassezia counts per microscopic field and a global score of the most affected patch (0–17 scale based on extension, severity, bacterial, and Malassezia cytological scores) were assessed by a veterinarian and pruritus by the owner (Pruritus Visual Analog Scale) on days (D)0, D7, D14. Owner and veterinarian evaluations for performance and satisfaction were recorded. Eleven dogs had primarily cocci overgrowth and seven mostly Malassezia. Mean bacterial and Malassezia counts decreased after 14 days (6.9–1.1; 7.6–1.5, respectively); 88.9% of dogs achieved a ≥70% microbial decrease and had ≤2 bacteria and ≤1 Malassezia per oil field. Mean global score of the most affected patch and pruritus score significantly improved at D14, respectively, from 8.6 to 2.6 and 4.5 to 1.2 (P < 0.05 each, mean improvements of 70.4 and 71.4%, respectively). Global veterinary assessment of the protocol was satisfactory, good, or excellent in 88.9% of cases. Most owners (94.4%) considered the protocol efficacious. Using a pad containing Ophytrium and chlorhexidine digluconate 3% daily for 14 days improved the skin condition and pruritus of dogs with local dysbiosis, resulting in high satisfaction levels for both veterinarians and dog owners.

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A pilot study of the in vitro antimicrobial activity and in vivo residual activity of chlorhexidine and acetic acid/boric acid impregnated cleansing wipes

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity and diffusion capacity of solutions used for canine ear cleaning

In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity and diffusion capacity of solutions used for canine ear cleaning

Acetic acid and the skin: a review of vinegar in dermatology

Performance of Daily Pads Containing Ophytrium and Chlorhexidine Digluconate 3% in Dogs With Local Cutaneous Bacterial and/or Malassezia Overgrowth

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