A pilot study of protein sparing in healthy dogs using peripheral parenteral nutrition

Clinical experience with a lipid‐free, ready‐made parenteral nutrition solution in dogs: 70 cases (2006–2012)

“…The provision of amino acid and glucose solutions have been shown to improve nitrogen balance in healthy dogs undergoing starvation . Although several commercially available amino acid and glucose solutions exist, there are no published papers of their clinical use in dogs or cats .…”

Prospective evaluation of a peripherally administered three‐in‐one parenteral nutrition product in dogs

“…Although there are insufficient numbers of dogs for statistical analysis, no consistent trends in changes of serum folate, cobalamin or homocysteine concentrations were apparent either in the dogs given the three‐in‐one product or in the dogs given only the amino acid solution. The reason for the lack of decrease in folate concentration as seen in a previous study (Chandler and others 2000) in dogs on iv amino acid solution is not clear, but it may be due to the heterogeneous population of these clinical patients, shorter infusion time, slower infusion rate or some other property of the three‐in‐one product. The previous study was performed in research dogs that had similar previous management and feeding and may have had lower whole body concentrations of folate.…”

“…The Clinomel N4 and the amino acid solution used in the previous study (Chandler and others 2000) contain the same concentration of methionine (2·2 g/l). However, the infusion rate in the previous study was 6 ml/kg/hour for 10 hours for four days, whereas in the present study, the rate was 2 ml/kg/hour for 10 to 12 hours for one to three days.…”

“…Studies in human beings show that intravenous (iv) administration of amino acid solutions is associated with depression of serum folate concentrations within two days, probably due to metabolism of methionine (Connor and others 1978, Tennant and others 1981). A pilot study in three dogs receiving an amino acid solution iv also showed a marked decrease in the dogs’ serum folate concentrations after four days (Chandler and others 2000).…”

“…Use of a lower osmolality solution may provide a longer duration of infusion, and a similar three‐in‐one product (Oliclinomel N‐4; Baxter Healthcare) with an osmolality of 750 mOsm/l and caloric content of 610 kcal/l is now available. While either of these changes in technique would result in provision of fewer calories, there would be a beneficial protein‐sparing effect, as even the provision of 5 per cent glucose has been shown to improve nitrogen balance (Craig and others 1977, Bernard and others 1986, Chandler and others 2000).…”