A pilot study: Bisphenol–A and Bisphenol-A glucuronide levels in mother and child pairs in a South African population

A Systematic Review of Bisphenol A from Dietary and Non-Dietary Sources during Pregnancy and Its Possible Connection with Fetal Growth Restriction: Investigating Its Potential Effects and the Window of Fetal Vulnerability

“…After removal of duplicates, i.e., articles that appeared more than once during the literature search because of the utilization of more than one search term, 361 articles remained, which were screened: of these, 333 were excluded because their titles or abstracts were unrelated to the subject. Three more were excluded due to their not meeting the eligibility criteria ( Table 2 ) [ 60 , 61 , 62 ], with, finally, 25 articles remaining for the qualitative analysis ( Table 3 ) [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Figure 2 presents the process that followed (PRISMA flow diagram).…”

“…The results showed a non-monotonic dose–response curve [ 42 ]. Other authors measured BPA in maternal and cord blood from 90 mothers from antenatal clinics located in a region with high environmental pollution and found a positive association of cord blood BPA with birth weight [ 43 ], whereas another reported no association of BPA measured in cord blood and placental sample [ 44 ].…”

“…Moreover, four of the five studies that identified an increase in a growth parameter (3 + 2 with contradictory results) collected a sample in the third trimester or at delivery [ 39 , 40 , 43 , 48 ]. Furthermore, in studies that investigated gender-specific effects, no particular pattern was identified.…”

“…The studies are then rated as low quality (<6 stars), medium quality (6–7 stars), or high quality (8–9 stars). Table 1 presents the evaluation of the studies included in this systematic review [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Framing the plastic pollution problem within the water quality-health nexus: Current understandings and policy recommendations

“…Phthalate exposure can cause allergies and asthma while BPA (bisphenol A) exposure shows in social and behavioural problems (particularly in childhood). 21,22 Population groups with the highest risk of developing a plastic exposure related condition include those that work directly in the plastic industry (extraction and transport, refining and manufacture and waste management) as well as communities situated next to plastic production centres or plastic dumpsites, and whose air and water quality are affected by various plastic emissions. 12 Although the body of evidence of the health effects of nanoand microplastics continues to grow, there is still a great deal of experimental and observational research needed before a direct link between exposure to these particles and subsequent illnesses can be confirmed.…”