A pilot randomized controlled trial of smartphone-assisted mindfulness-based intervention with contingency management for smokers with mood disorders.

Abstract

Cigarette smoking disproportionately affects individuals with mood disorders, but smoking cessation interventions have modest effects in this population. Home mindfulness practice during abstinence incentivized via contingency management (CM) may help those in affective distress quit smoking. Method: Adult smokers receiving outpatient psychiatric treatment for mood disorders were randomized to receive a smartphone-assisted mindfulness-based smoking cessation intervention with contingency management (SMI-CM, n = 25) or enhanced standard treatment (EST, n = 24) with noncontingent rewards. Participants in SMI-CM were prompted to practice audio-guided mindfulness five times per day for 38 days (vs. no comparison intervention in EST), and received monetary incentives for carbon monoxide (CO) ≤ 6 ppm. The primary outcome was biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence rates 2, 4, and 13 weeks after a target quit day. Results: Of the 49 participants, 63.3% were Latinx and 30.6% Black;

Contingency management for smokers with mental health disorders and smoking-sensitive conditions caused or exacerbated by tobacco use: A review of existing studies, intervention parameters, and research priorities.

“…A total of 5/10 tested the effects of mobile phone-delivered CM interventions (Hertzberg et al, 2013; Hicks et al, 2017; Medenblik et al, 2020; Minami et al, 2021; Wilson et al, 2019). CM delivery was in place for 5 weeks on average and, in addition to incentivizing abstinence, included an incentive system for reinforcement of attendance/compliance with study tasks (e.g., return of CO devices in mobile CM, self-reporting measures; Brunette et al, 2018; Hertzberg et al, 2013; Japuntich et al, 2019; Medenblik et al, 2020; Minami et al, 2021). All the studies included monetary incentives, which averaged $410.05, ranging from $223 to $530.…”

“…Of the studies focusing on smokers with physical conditions, three included smokers with cancer diagnoses (Ghosh et al, 2016; Rettig et al, 2018; Rojewski et al, 2021), one included hospitalized smokers (Ladapo et al, 2020), another included weight-concerned female smokers (Bloom et al, 2020), and the other included patients with COPD (Crowley et al, 1995). Studies including smokers with mental health diagnosis comprised people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 3/18; Hertzberg et al, 2013; Hicks et al, 2017; Japuntich et al, 2019), mood disorders (3/18; González-Roz et al, 2021; Secades-Villa et al, 2019; Minami et al, 2021), followed by schizophrenia (2/18; Medenblik et al, 2020; Wilson et al, 2019), and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders (ADHD; 1/18) (Kollins et al, 2010). Two included smokers diagnosed with severe mental disorders, including affective disorders and schizophrenia (Baker et al, 2018; Brunette et al, 2018).…”

“…On average, CM was delivered for 5.53 weeks (range = 0.29-12 weeks). In addition to abstinence, virtually all of the CM studies also incentivized other behaviors: shaping (Baker et al, 2018), attendance (10/18; Baker et al, 2018;Bloom et al, 2020;Brunette et al, 2018;Ghosh et al, 2016;Hertzberg et al, 2013;Japuntich et al, 2019;Ladapo et al, 2020;Minami et al, 2021;Rettig et al, 2018; This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.…”

“…This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly. Brunette et al, 2018;Crowley et al, 1995;Japuntich et al, 2019;Ladapo et al, 2020;Medenblik et al, 2020;Minami et al, 2021).…”

HIV patients’ perceptions of a potential multi-component mindfulness-based smoking cessation smartphone application intervention

“…CM may also reduce the economic stressor for smoking cessation (e.g., unemployment) in PLWH [ 40 , 43 ]. A pilot trial testing a smartphone-based MT intervention combined with CM in smokers with mood disorders showed a significant difference in abstinence rates in the intervention versus standard care at the end-of-treatment [ 44 ]. Therefore, CM may serve as an ideal adjunct intervention to MT to promote abstinence in PLWH who are seeking tobacco cessation treatment.…”