A Pilot Evaluation of the In SHAPE Individualized Health Promotion Intervention for Adults with Mental Illness

Abstract

This pilot study examined whether participation in the individualized, community-integrated In SHAPE health promotion program would result in improved physical activity and dietary behaviors, health indicators, and psychological functioning or symptoms in 76 adults with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, or other mental disorders. Over a 9-month period, participation was associated with increased exercise, vigorous activity, and leisurely walking (P<.01), and a trend toward improved readiness to reduce caloric intake (P = .053). Participants demonstrated a reduction in waist circumference (P<.05), but no change in BMI. Satisfaction with fitness (P<.001) and mental health functioning (P<.05) improved, and severity of negative symptoms decreased (P<.01). This study demonstrated the feasibility and potential effectiveness of the In SHAPE program, which consisted of exercise and dietary modification. Based on these promising results, randomized controlled trials of the In SHAPE program are necessary to establish its effectiveness compared with usual care and alternative approaches to enhancing fitness.

Lifestyle Interventions for Adults With Serious Mental Illness: A Systematic Literature Review

“…Four of the seven studies did not find statistically significant weight loss outcomes: two were weight management studies (16,26), one was an exercise program (33), and the fourth was a health promotion program (38). The other three studies—all weight loss programs (20,31,34)—reported statistically significant weight loss outcomes.…”

“…Intervention formats featured individual sessions (29) and group sessions (16,17,19,21,23,26–28,31–34,36,37), with some integrating both approaches (20,22,24,25,38). Interventions were delivered by a range of staff, including registered nurses, exercise physiologists, registered dieticians, trained fitness instructors, case managers, and master's- and doctoral-level health care practitioners.…”

“…Thirteen studies assessed whether lifestyle interventions improved risk factors for metabolic syndrome, including systolic blood pressure (sBP) and diastolic blood pressure (dBP), heart rate, blood glucose, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and waist and hip circumference (19–21,23,24,26–28,30,33,34,36,38). Seven studies reported statistically significant improvements on at least one of these risk factors.…”

Selection, Use and Psychometric Properties of Physical Activity Measures to Assess Individuals with Severe Mental Illness: A Narrative Synthesis

“…16 studies used as part or in full an OBM to capture physical activity Berle, Hauge, Oedegaard, Holsten, & Fasmer, 2010;Farrow, Hunter, Wilikinson, Green, & Spence, 2005;Gothelf et al, 2002;Hauge, Berle, Oedegaard, Holsten, & Fasmer, 2011;Janney et al, 2008;Jerome et al, 2009;McCormick et al, 2009;McCormick et al, 2008;McKibbin et al, 2006;Scheewe, 2008;Scheewe et al, 2011;Sharpe et al, 2006a;Wichniak et al, 2011;Yamamoto et al, 2011. 19 studies utilised SRQs Archie et al, 2007Arbour, Faulkner, & Cohn, 2010;Brown, Birtwistle, Roe, & Thompson, 1999, Brown, Goetz, Van Sciver, Sullivan, & Hamera, 2006Dubbert et al, 2006;Ellingrod et al, 2011;Elmslie, Mann, Silverstone, Williams, & Romans, 2001;Faulkner et al, 2006;Lassenigus, kerlind, Wiklund-Gustin, Arman, & Söderlund, 2013;Lindamer et al, 2008;McLeod, Jaques, & Deane, 2009;Osborn, Nazareth, & King, 2007;Ratliff et al, 2012;Ussher, 2003;Ussher, Doshi, Sampuran, & West, 2011;Van Citters et al, 2010;Vancampfort, Probst, Knapen, Carraro, & De Hert, 2012. Excluded studies (with reason) 55 did not use an outcome measure that provided an assessment of the three fundamental domains of physical activity Acil, Dogan, & Dogan, 2008;Adams, 1995;Aquila, 2000;Archie,...…”

“…One major problem of studies measuring physical activity is the failure of researchers to consider or justify why they have chosen a particular OBM or SRQ. For example past research studies (Archie et al, 2007;Brill et al, 2007;Buhagiar et al, 2011;Chuang et al, 2008;Crone et al, 2004;Daumit et al, 2005;Davidson et al, 1999;Davidson et al, 2001;Ellingrod et al, 2011;Elmslie et al, 2001;Farnam et al, 1999;Lassenigus et al, 2013;McCreadie, 2003;Osborn et al, 2007;Ratliff et al, 2012;Samele et al, 2007;SØrensen, 2006;Van Citters et al, 2010;Vancampfort et al, 2011a,b,c;Vancampfort et al (2011d) have utilised a specific SRQ and justified its choice solely on the original study which validated the SRQ. This is often problematic if the tool has been validated in a certain population or if the original study was not validated correctly.…”