A picture is worth a thousand words: Art indexing in electronic databases

Roberts, Helene E.

doi:10.1002/asi.1145

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Visual content and meaning extracted from images are rarely considered in traditional indexing systems (Jörgensen, 1998(Jörgensen, , 1999(Jörgensen, , 2003. Traditional indexing systems follow the top down approach and were designed neither with the users'language in mind nor to cover the full range of image attributes (Jörgensen, 1998;Roberts, 2001). According to Jörgensen (1998, p. 161), "the vast majority of image indexing systems are text-based systems that have been crafted from a number of pragmatic or theoretical considerations and assumptions about user needs and search strategies."…”

Section: The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence from previous research shows that, though images are visual information sources with little or no associated text, image users mainly use text to formulate their queries (O'Connor, O'Connor, & Abbas, 1999;Roberts, 2001;Tjondronegoro, Spink, & Jansen, 2009), which is a result of the lack of systems that offer other options. The vast majority of Web search engines that allow image searches provide search interfaces that accept only text queries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A comparative study of Flickr tags and index terms in a general image collection

Rorissa

2010

J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci.

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Web 2.0 and social/collaborative tagging have altered the traditional roles of indexer and user. Traditional indexing tools and systems assume the top-down approach to indexing in which a trained professional is responsible for assigning index terms to information sources with a potential user in mind. However, in today's Web, end users create, organize, index, and search for images and other information sources through social tagging and other collaborative activities. One of the impediments to user-centered indexing had been the cost of soliciting user-generated index terms or tags. Social tagging of images such as those on Flickr, an online photo management and sharing application, presents an opportunity that can be seized by designers of indexing tools and systems to bridge the semantic gap between indexer terms and user vocabularies. Empirical research on the differences and similarities between user-generated tags and index terms based on controlled vocabularies has the potential to inform future design of image indexing tools and systems.Toward this end, a random sample of Flickr images and the tags assigned to them were content analyzed and compared with another sample of index terms from a general image collection using established frameworks for image attributes and contents. The results show that there is a fundamental difference between the types of tags and types of index terms used. In light of this, implications for research into and design of user-centered image indexing tools and systems are discussed.

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Section: The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of Flickr tags and index terms in a general image collection

Rorissa

2010

J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci.

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“…While images are now more readily available in digital format, it is not necessarily easier to find images. Despite the priority given to images, the challenges in image retrieval are largely due to the fact that images are inherently wordless, while access to images is still predominantly reliant on text (Roberts, 2001). As a result, there is a need to gain a greater understanding of how images are used so that more effective ways of accessing images can be developed (Enser, 2008;Fidel, 1997;Hung, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image use within the work task model: Images as information and illustration

McCay‐Peet

Toms

2009

J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci.

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With increasing sophistication in technology has emerged a growing interest in accessing images for personal and work purposes. In this research we investigated the use of images as data-for the information contained within the image, and as an object to illustrate. Thirty journalists and historians from academic and professional work settings were interviewed using a series of semistructured questions regarding how they use images (for information or for illustration) and the types of image attributes used to describe an appropriate image for their work. This was done within the context of a work task model used by this group to understand how images are used throughout the process of completing a typical written work task. Findings suggest that the stage of the work task process has a significant impact on how the image is used (information or illustration). Participants use as many descriptive as conceptual image attributes to locate an image, but, interestingly, there are no significant differences according to use for information or illustration purposes. This study increases our understanding of the function of images in the written work task process, and provides new knowledge about the conceptual and descriptive attributes that are most valued.

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“…20,21 Establishing and defining the subject and meaning of an image may be problematic and identifying the objects is often difficult. Furthermore, the indexing of multifaceted, often allegoric or symbolic images, which are interpreted on many different levels, presumes a certain degree of knowledge of iconography.…”

Section: What Level Of Description Should Be Adapted? What Is Our Intmentioning

confidence: 99%

Librarian Cornered by Images, or How to Index Visual Resources

Klenczon

Rygiel

2013

Cataloging & Classification Quarterly

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Presenting museum, library, and archive collections online has become a common practice in recent years. Among the data accessible via the Internet are visual resources such as paintings, drawings, engravings, and photographs, which constitute a rich and vital source of information. Image indexing is an extremely difficult task. The crucial question is: how to transform the visual code of an image into written code. This article presents standards of still images description, guidelines, and indexing tools, the advantages and disadvantages of their use, and their potential to provide authoritative and comprehensive access points to digitized resources and to support sophisticated search. In order to provide efficient access to the digitalized images presented at the National Digital Library Polona and to promote their re-use, we are looking for a model for applying subject indexing to images.

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A picture is worth a thousand words: Art indexing in electronic databases

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

A comparative study of Flickr tags and index terms in a general image collection

A comparative study of Flickr tags and index terms in a general image collection

Image use within the work task model: Images as information and illustration

Librarian Cornered by Images, or How to Index Visual Resources

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