A Pictorial Review of the Role of Imaging in the Detection, Management, Histopathological Correlations, and Complications of COVID-19 Pneumonia

Brogna, Barbara; Bignardi, Elio; Brogna, Claudia; Volpe, Mena; Lombardi, Giovanna; Rosa, A Gino La; Gagliardi, Giuliano; Capasso, P.; Gravino, Enzo; Maio, Francesca; Pane, F.; Picariello, Valentina; Buono, Marcella; Colucci, Lorenzo; Musto, Lanfranco

doi:10.3390/diagnostics11030437

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 193 publications

(408 reference statements)

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“…In severe pneumonia, lung lesions can evolve in areas of consolidation, especially in a gravitational position (7)(8)(9). These ultrasound findings are regarded as suggestive of a progressive loss of aeration as the severity of the disease increases (9,14).…”

Section: Covid-19 Pneumonia Findings On Chest Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Pneumonia: The Great Ultrasonography Mimicker

et al. 2021

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The pandemic spread of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has raised the necessity to identify an appropriate imaging method for early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Chest computed tomography (CT) has been regarded as the mainstay of imaging evaluation for pulmonary involvement in the early phase of the pandemic. However, due to the poor specificity of the radiological pattern and the disruption of radiology centers' functionality linked to an excessive demand for exams, the American College of Radiology has advised against CT use for screening purposes. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a point-of-care imaging tool that is quickly available and easy to disinfect. These advantages have determined a “pandemic” increase of its use for early detection of COVID-19 pneumonia in emergency departments. However, LUS findings in COVID-19 patients are even less specific than those detectable on CT scans. The scope of this perspective article is to discuss the great number of diseases and pathologic conditions that may mimic COVID-19 pneumonia on LUS examination.

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Section: Covid-19 Pneumonia Findings On Chest Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Pneumonia: The Great Ultrasonography Mimicker

et al. 2021

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“…Some centers [ 28 ] suggest PCR testing before breast interventional procedures in patient with a BIRADS 5 lesion, such as to reduce the waiting time before surgery. However, this would increase the cost of each procedure, and additionally, the waiting time (from 20 min to 2 h) before each interventional procedure [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. Consequently, it would increase the time lapse between the exams with a reduced number of procedures accomplished per day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Screening during COVID-19 Emergency: Patients and Department Management in a Local Experience

Maio

Tari²,

Granata

et al. 2021

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Background: During the COVID-19 public health emergency, our breast cancer screening activities have been interrupted. In June 2020, they resumed, calling for mandatory safe procedures to properly manage patients and staff. Methods: A protocol supporting medical activities in breast cancer screening was created, based on six relevant articles published in the literature and in the following National and International guidelines for COVID-19 prevention. The patient population, consisting of both screening and breast ambulatory patients, was classified into one of four categories: 1. Non-COVID-19 patient; 2. Confirmed COVID-19 in an asymptomatic screening patient; 3. suspected COVID-19 in symptomatic or confirmed breast cancer; 4. Confirmed COVID-19 in symptomatic or confirmed breast cancer. The day before the radiological exam, patients are screened for COVID-19 infection through a telephone questionnaire. At a subsequent in person appointment, the body temperature is checked and depending on the clinical scenario at stake, the scenario-specific procedures for medical and paramedical staff are adopted. Results: In total, 203 mammograms, 76 breast ultrasound exams, 4 core needle biopsies, and 6 vacuum-assisted breast biopsies were performed in one month. Neither medical nor paramedical staff were infected on any of these occasions. Conclusion: Our department organization model can represent a case of implementation of National and International guidelines applied in a breast cancer screening program, assisting hospital personnel into COVID-19 infection prevention.

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“…Furthermore, only approximately 70% of the pleural surface can be visualized in a US examination. Due to physical phenomena, such as interfacial reflections by air (with resulting artefacts) and absorption on bony structures, LUS is limited to pleural-based lesions located in visible parts of the visceral pleura [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. It was not possible to blind the investigators to the study group, and blinded interpretations of the ultrasound data by the ultrasound examiner were not possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perfusion Patterns of Peripheral Organizing Pneumonia (POP) Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) and Their Correlation with Immunohistochemically Detected Vascularization Patterns

et al. 2021

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Purpose: To describe the perfusion patterns of peripheral organizing pneumonia (POP) by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and their correlation with vascularization patterns (VPs) represented by immunohistochemical CD34 endothelial staining. Methods: From October 2006 until December 2020, 38 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed POPs were standardized-examined by CEUS. The time to enhancement (TE; classified as an early pulmonary-arterial [PA] pattern of enhancement vs. delayed bronchial-arterial [BA] pattern of enhancement), the extent of enhancement (EE; classified as marked or reduced), the homogeneity of enhancement (HE; classified as homogeneous or inhomogeneous), and the decrease of enhancement (DE; classified as rapid washout [<120s] or late washout [≥120s]) were evaluated retrospectively. Furthermore, tissue samples from the study patients were immunohistochemically stained with CD34 antibody. The presence of avascular areas (AAs) and the VPs were evaluated in all tissue samples. Results: The majority of POPs showed a BA pattern of enhancement (71.1%), an isoechoic marked enhancement (76.3%), and an inhomogeneous enhancement (81.6%). A rapid DE was observed in 50.0% of cases. On CD34 staining, all POPs had a chaotic VP, indicating BA neoangiogenesis. AAs (abscess, necrosis, hemorrhage) were identified in (41.9%) cases with an inhomogeneous enhancement on CEUS. Conclusion: On CEUS, POPs predominantly revealed a marked inhomogeneous BA pattern of enhancement with a rapid washout in 50% of cases. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the presence of a PA pattern of enhancement, found in 28.9% of POPs, did not exclude a BA neoangiogenesis as an important feature of chronic inflammatory and malignant processes.

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A Pictorial Review of the Role of Imaging in the Detection, Management, Histopathological Correlations, and Complications of COVID-19 Pneumonia

Cited by 16 publications

References 193 publications

COVID-19 Pneumonia: The Great Ultrasonography Mimicker

COVID-19 Pneumonia: The Great Ultrasonography Mimicker

Breast Cancer Screening during COVID-19 Emergency: Patients and Department Management in a Local Experience

Perfusion Patterns of Peripheral Organizing Pneumonia (POP) Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) and Their Correlation with Immunohistochemically Detected Vascularization Patterns

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