A physiologically based biokinetic model for cesium in the human body

Absorbed radiation doses due to chronic ingestion of cesium-137 or strontium-90 by mice

“…For instance, striated muscles, liver and kidney showed a higher 137 Cs concentration as compared with the mean 137 Cs concentration in the whole body . Such variations in 137 Cs concentrations were also observed in humans (Métivier et al, 2000;Bandazhevsky, 2003;Leggett et al, 2003). Moreover, the mean concentration of 137 Cs tends to increase with the age of the animals up to 9 weeks old.…”

Radiocesium Distribution in the Tissues of Japanese Black Beef Heifers Fed Fallout-Contaminated Roughage Due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident

“…[9][10][11][12][13][18][19][20] These differences in cesium concentrations across tissues are considered to be attributable to differences in Na,KATPase activity. 12) In addition, a kinetic model of Cs flow in human body has been proposed, 21) in which plasma Cs accumulates in highly distributes into the kidneys and muscle. Our result that the radiocesium level in the kidney was the highest of all tissues confirms previous studies of ruminants and the kinetics model of humans, although other studies have found that radiocesium was distributed homogeneously in the soft tissues.…”

Reliability of Current Biokinetic and Dosimetric Models for Radionuclides: A Pilot Study

“…Autopsy studies on environmentally exposed humans as well as experimental studies on laboratory animals indicate that cesium is somewhat uniformly distributed in the body, with skeletal muscle gradually becoming the dominant repository. The half-time of the long-term component has been found to vary with age, gender, diet, race, muscle mass, pregnancy, and elevation above sea level (Lloyd et al, , 1973Zundel et al, 1969;Leggett, 1986;ICRP, 1989;Leggett et al, 2003). Cesium-137 is a beta emitter but is accompanied by the short-lived daughter 137m Ba that emits relatively energetic gamma radiation that allows external measurement of internal deposits.…”

“…Quantitative differences in transport rates across membranes result in a total-body retention time for cesium about three times greater than that for potassium and two times greater than that for rubidium. Cesium, potassium, and rubidium generally have much higher concentrations inside cells than in extracellular fluids, in contrast to the largely extracellular alkali metals, Na and Li (Eisenman, 1963;Kernan, 1972;Leggett et al, 2003).…”

“…A number of studies of 137 Cs retention in human subjects have been published since the development of the current ICRP model, and a detailed physiologically based systemic biokinetic model for Cs reflecting the current database has been developed (Leggett et al, 2003). The model has been tentatively selected by an ICRP task group for use in the revision of ICRP dose guidance for workers and will be referred to as the "ICRP's proposed model".…”