A Physical/Virtual Carrier-Sense-Based Power Control MAC Protocol for Collision Avoidance in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract

A kind of hidden terminal problem, called the POINT problem, which is caused by the expansion of the interference range of the receiver due to the controlled transmission power of the sender, is deemed a notorious problem in wireless ad hoc networks. This paper utilizes physical and virtual carrier-sensing schemes to avoid the POINT problem. We analyze the relationships among the transmission range, the carrier-sensing range, and the interference range in case power control is adopted, and based on the analyzed results, we propose four mechanisms to prevent the POINT problem from occurring in wireless ad hoc networks. This paper further analyzes the superiority of each mechanism under certain situations and proposes an adaptive range-based power control (ARPC) MAC protocol to make use of the advantages of the four mechanisms to avoid the POINT problem from happening. The proposed protocol cannot only prevent collisions caused by the POINT problem, but it can also reduce the energy consumption of STAs. Simulation results also verify the advantages of the proposed protocol.Index Terms-Hidden terminal problem, IEEE 802.11, MAC protocols, power control, wireless ad hoc networks.

Dynamic Neighbour Aware Power-controlled MAC for Multi-hop Ad-hoc networks

“…So, in this paper when contention increases, the transmission power is re-estimated by considering neighbour's transmission power to avoid hidden node issue. In a power-controlled transmission, due to use of different transmission power, the chances of hidden node issue increases, so the authors of [21] suggest to increasing the carrier sensing range of the receiver depending on the transmission and interference range of the sender. In fact, in a distributed and a dynamic network, to obtain an optimal transmission power is an NP-hard problem even if a node has the entire knowledge of the network as highlighted by the authors of [22] , because any node could join the network, leave the network, or can be in motion at random speed.…”

Intelligent Management of Multiple Access Schemes in Wireless Body Area Network

“…They prove and evaluate the throughput and delay bounds for different data rates and frequency bands with one sender and one receiver. Shih Kuei-Ping proposed a virtual carrier sense MAC protocol with power controlling to avoid collisions [12]. It effectively reduces the energy consumption by a collection of stations and prevents collisions due to Point issue.…”

Interaction Engineering: Achieving Perfect CSMA Handshakes in Wireless Networks

“…Other models and protocols jointly tune carrier sensing and transmission power; this work is most relevant to our study [15], [16], [20]. Some approaches discuss heuristics that possibly reduce hidden and exposed terminals [20]; we provide a model and analysis of tuning CSMA protocol to eliminate all hidden terminals and minimize exposed terminals.…”

“…Some approaches discuss heuristics that possibly reduce hidden and exposed terminals [20]; we provide a model and analysis of tuning CSMA protocol to eliminate all hidden terminals and minimize exposed terminals. Mhatre et al adjust the transmission power and carrier sensing thresholds of the access points in an AP [15], [16].…”

“…Moreover, the receiver does not carrier sense before transmitting ACK, and hence the same rules as DATA transmission cannot be applied at receivers. Existing models do not consider the common CSMA protocol rules such as two-way handshaking [20], [21]. Hence, the solutions are incomplete and may cause undesirable interactions.…”