A Physical Method for Determination of the Motility and Concentration of Spermatozoa

Bosselaar, C. A.; Spronk, N.

doi:10.1038/169018a0

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Enhanced n ,otility may often compensate for a low total count and should be taken into a ccount in discussing sperm quality (201,202). Methods for estimating this r lotility and its dependence on such factors as pH, osmotic pressure, and elec trolyte concentration have been described (203,204,205).…”

Section: Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Reproduction

Krohn¹,

Zuckerman²

1953

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

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In 1910, the late Dr. F. H. A. Marshall published the first edition of his Physiology of Reproduction. It represented the first attempt to assemble in the English language the knowledge that was available about the subject of reproduction. A second edition appeared in 1922, but unfortunately missed the very rapid expansion of the subject, especially on the endocrinological side, which took place during the 1920's. A third edition of Marshall's classic, of which one volume has now been published under the editorship of Parkes, again brings the subject up to date, and in the same encyclopaedic form first attempted by Marshall himself.The volume that has appeared (Vol. II) corresponds to the second half of the single volumes of the first and second editions (1). Its chapters deal with the history of the fertilized ovum, cleavage and implantation, placentation, foetal and maternal physiology, parturition, lactation and fertility, and show up, very clearly, the areas in which most progress in knowledge has been made in the past 30 years.Since 1922, we have been provided with detailed knowledge about the chemistry and cytological nature of the ova of different species. Develop ments in microscopy and in methods of tissue culture have made possible the direct study of cleavage in many mammalian species. Another achieve ment of the past 30 years is an understanding of the transport of sperm and ova, and of the factors concerned in the spacing of blastocysts, matters which, in the second edition of Marshall's book, could be dealt with in very few words, in spite of the fact that artificial insemination of farm animals was already being practised. On the other hand, the precise roles of blasto cyst and endometrium in the process of implantation are as uncertain to day as they were 30 years ago, even though the actual facts of implantation may be very much better understood, not only in nonprimate mammals but also in monkeys and man. We owe this advance mainly to the fact that it has become possible to obtain for study material that can be timed in rela tion to the ovarian and uterine cycles.The 1910 chapter on "Foetal Nutrition and the Physiology of the Pla centa" was reprinted almost unchanged in 1922, Marshall noting at the time that little new on this subject had appeared in the preceding decade. Infor mation about the macro-and microscopic structure of the placenta is now 1 The survey of the literature pertaining to this review was completed in June, 1952. I The following abbreviations are used in this chapter: DCA (desoxycorticosterone acetate); PAS (periodic acid-Schiff); LH (luteinizing hormone); CG (chorionic gonadotrophia); FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) : PMS (pregnant mare serum): ACTn (adrenocorticotrophin).429 Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1953.15:429-456. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of California -San Francisco UCSF on 02/08/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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Section: Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Reproduction

Krohn¹,

Zuckerman²

1953

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

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“…the total quantity of sperm shed. In the assays described below variable quantities of spermatozoa were shed into a large volume of sea water so that the preparation of numerous suspensions of standard density for the objective measurement of relative sperm activity would have proved virtually impossible (see Bosselaar & Spronk, 1952;Rothschild, 1953). In order that each extract could be assayed upon as many worms as possible, it was decided to rely upon a rapid, subjective measurement of sperm activity.…”

Section: Assay Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

The Spawning of Arenicola Marina (L.) II. Spawning Under Experimental Conditions

Howie

1961

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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Macerated tissues of whole Arenicola marina, when injected into the body cavity of male worms, induce spawning after a prolonged latent period of, generally, 60—90 min. The nature of the spawning reaction is described. Emulsified tissues were submitted to heat, ultra-filtration, extraction by fat solvents and saponification. The technique is described whereby the products of these treatments were assayed for potency in inducing the spawning of male worms. The active substance proved to be a lipid and upon rigorous saponification the fatty-acid fraction was found to induce shedding, but the unsaponifiable fractions failed to do so. The active substance was also found to be a normal tissue constituent of male, female and immature worms, but it is concentrated in the gut and coelomic contents. Tissue extracts appear to induce spawning primarily by the breakdown of the sperm morulae in the coelom to free spermatozoa, but there may also be some modification of the action of the nephromixia. It is suggested that the active substance found in the tissues provides the ‘internal stimulus’ by which spawning is normally induced. Evidence for this suggestion is that it is derived from the tissues of the worm and that it appears to be a specific chemical fraction of the tissues which is effective. In addition, tissue extracts induce a normal spawning reaction and there appears to be a relationship between the temperatures at which the active substance is most potent in inducing shedding in the laboratory and those prevailing on the shore during the breeding season. The possible mode of release of the active substance is discussed.

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“…It is obvious that a comparable determination between different laboratories or investigators is very difficult, and the method of measurement is liablc to excessive errors. I n determining the motility of spermatozoa, the following ix basic objectives (3) must be regarded as essential:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A System for the quantitative Analysis of Human Sperm Motility

Jecht

Russo

2009

Andrologia

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Zusammenfassung Die Befruchtungsfähigkeit eines menschlichen Spermatozoons findet, mangels besserer Kriterien, am ehesten ihren Ausdruck in seiner Motilität. Dementsprechend gibt die durchschnittliche Motilität aller Spermatozoen in einem Ejakulat am besten Auskunft über ihre Befruchtungsfähigkeit. Aufgrund der Bedeutung der Spermatozoen‐Motilität sind zahlreiche Versuche gemacht worden, geeignete Methoden zur objektiven, d. h. qualitativen Erfassung der Spermatozoen‐Motilität zu finden. Dieses Ziel wurde jedoch nur selten erreicht, und die erfolgreichen Methoden verlangten einen prohibitiv hohen Aufwand an menschlicher Zeit. Im Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena wurder jüngst ein System zur Analyse von Bewegungen entwickelt. Dabei werden die auf Videoband aufgenommenen Vorgänge in Digital‐Daten transformiert und sodann in einem konventionellen Computer ausgewertet.

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A Physical Method for Determination of the Motility and Concentration of Spermatozoa

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Reproduction

Reproduction

The Spawning of Arenicola Marina (L.) II. Spawning Under Experimental Conditions

A System for the quantitative Analysis of Human Sperm Motility

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