A physical, genetic and functional sequence assembly of the barley genome

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doi:10.1038/nature11543

Cited by 1,293 publications

(915 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Based on the available barley genome data [22], it would be possible to identify those barley callose synthases that have the highest homology to the stress-induced callose synthase PMR4 from A. thaliana. The identified callose synthase genes would be good candidates for an overexpression in barley and A. thaliana.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient expression of the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> callose synthase PMR4 increases penetration resistance to powdery mildew in barley

Blümke¹,

Somerville²,

Voigt³

2013

ABB

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Localized cell wall thickenings, so called papillae, are a common plant defense response to fungal attack at sites of penetration of the plant cell. The major constituent of papillae is callose, a (1,3)-β-glucan polymer, which contributes to slowing or blocking the invading fungal hyphae. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we could recently show that the overexpression of PMR4 (POWDERY MILDEW RESITANT 4), which encodes a stress induced callose synthase, results in complete powdery mildew resistance. To evaluate if these findings are also transferable to monocot crops, we transiently expressed PMR4 under control of the 35S promoter in leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings, which were subsequently inoculated with the virulent powdery mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Fusion of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) to PMR4 allowed the identification of successfully transformed barley cells, which showed an increased penetration resistance to B. graminis compared to control cells that express only GFP. PMR4-GFP localized in a similar pattern at the site of attempted fungal penetration as observed in A. thaliana, which suggests that similar transport mechanisms of the callose synthase might exist in dicot and monocot plants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient expression of the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> callose synthase PMR4 increases penetration resistance to powdery mildew in barley

Blümke¹,

Somerville²,

Voigt³

2013

ABB

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“…In a final step, the contigs of the reference barley Morex genome [80] including the significantly associated markers (iSelect Markers) as well as the genes rendering these genomic regions (Gene List) were taken from the Barley genome explorer (BARLEX) [81] to get an idea of the possible function of the MTAs (Table 4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

QTL for Water Use Related Traits in Juvenile Barley

2016

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Water use efficiency (WUE) is a trait of prime interest in cases of drought stress because it provides information on biomass production in limited water conditions. In order to get information on WUE and additional water use related traits, i.e., dry weight (DW), fresh weight (FW), total leaf water (LW) and leaf water content (WC), greenhouse pot experiments were conducted on 156 barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.) for control (70% maximal water capacity of soil) and drought stress conditions (20% of the maximal water capacity of soil). Significant correlations between WUE and the other water use related traits (r ≤ 0.65) were determined in juvenile barley, and genotypes suited for improving drought stress tolerance in early developmental stages were identified. Furthermore, based on the significant effects of genotypes and treatments, as well as their interaction, data were used for genome wide association studies (GWAS) resulting in the identification of 14 marker trait associations (MTAs) corresponding to four quantitative trait loci (QTL). For WUE, four MTAs were detected mostly located on barley chromosome 4H. For four MTAs, functional annotations related to the involvement in response to abiotic stress were found. These markers may be of special interest for breeding purposes in cases when they will be validated and also detected in later growth stages.

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“…Recently, the International Barley Genome Sequencing Consortium (IBGS) published a highquality reference genome sequence of the elite cultivar Morex (Mascher et al 2017). Approximately 84% of the genome is composed of mobile elements or other repeated sequences (Mayer et al 2012;Mascher et al 2017). The majority of these consists of retrotransposons, 99.6% of which are long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Map-based cloning of the fertility restoration locus Rfm1 in cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Rizzolatti¹,

Bury

Tatara³

et al. 2017

Euphytica

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Hybridization technology has proven valuable in enhancing yields in many crops, but was only recently adopted in the small grain cereals. Hybrid varieties in barley (Hordeum vulgare) rely on the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system msm1 derived from Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum. The major restorer gene described for the msm1 system is known as Rfm1 and maps to the top of chromosome 6H. To gain further insight into mechanisms underlying male fertility restoration in barley, we used a mapbased cloning approach to identify the nuclear gene involved in the restoration mechanism of this hybridization system. Taking advantage of the available genomic resources in barley in combination with a custom-made non-gridded BAC library developed from a restorer line, we cloned and sequenced the Rfm1 restorer locus. The characterization and annotation of the nucleotide sequence for the Rfm1 restorer allele allowed for the identification of the candidate gene for Rfm1. The Rfm1 locus carries a tandem repeat of a gene encoding a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein. Surprisingly, Rfm1 belongs to the PLS-DYW subfamily of PPR genes known for their involvement in RNA editing in plants organelles, but that to date have not been identified as restorer genes.

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A physical, genetic and functional sequence assembly of the barley genome

Cited by 1,293 publications

References 62 publications

Transient expression of the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> callose synthase PMR4 increases penetration resistance to powdery mildew in barley

Transient expression of the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> callose synthase PMR4 increases penetration resistance to powdery mildew in barley

QTL for Water Use Related Traits in Juvenile Barley

Map-based cloning of the fertility restoration locus Rfm1 in cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare)

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A physical, genetic and functional sequence assembly of the barley genome

Cited by 1,293 publications

References 62 publications

Transient expression of the &lt;i&gt;Arabidopsis thaliana&lt;/i&gt; callose synthase PMR4 increases penetration resistance to powdery mildew in barley

Transient expression of the &lt;i&gt;Arabidopsis thaliana&lt;/i&gt; callose synthase PMR4 increases penetration resistance to powdery mildew in barley

QTL for Water Use Related Traits in Juvenile Barley

Map-based cloning of the fertility restoration locus Rfm1 in cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare)

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Transient expression of the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> callose synthase PMR4 increases penetration resistance to powdery mildew in barley

Transient expression of the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> callose synthase PMR4 increases penetration resistance to powdery mildew in barley