A phylogeny of species near Agrostis supporting the recognition of two new genera, Agrostula and Alpagrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Agrostidinae) from Europe

Abstract

Based on a molecular DNA phylogeny of three plastid (rpl32-trnK, rps16 intron, and rps16-trnK) and nuclear ITS regions investigating 32 species of Agrostidinae, we describe two new genera, Agrostulagen. nov. with a single species and Alpagrostisgen. nov. with four species; provide support for five species in a monophyletic Podagrostis; and include a small sample of 12 species of a monophyletic Agrostis s.s. (including the type and most species of Neoschischkinia), that separates into two clades corresponding to A. subg. Agrostis and A. subg. Vilfa. Agrostula differs from Agrostis in having leaf blades with pillars of sclerenchyma which are continuous between the adaxial and abaxial surface of the blades, dorsally rounded glumes with blunt to truncate and erose to denticulate apices, florets ½ the length of the glumes, lemmas equally wide as long, widest at (or near) apex, apices broadly truncate, irregularly 5 to 7 denticulate to erose, awnless, anthers longer than the lemmas, and rugose-papillose caryopses. Alpagrostis differs from Agrostis in having geniculate basally inserted awns and truncate lemma apices with lateral veins prolonged from the apex in (2)4 setae. The following eight new combinations are made: Agrostula truncatula, Agrostula truncatula subsp. durieui, Alpagrostis alpina, Alpagrostis alpina var. flavescens, Alpagrostis barceloi, Alpagrostis setacea, Alpagrostis setacea var. flava, and Alpagrostis schleicheri. In addition, we provide a key separating Agrostula and Alpagrostis from Agrostis s.s. and other genera previously considered as synonyms of Agrostis; lectotypify Agrostis alpina Scop., A. schleicheri Jord. & Verl., A. truncatula Parl., and A. truncatula var. durieui Henriq.; and neotypify A. setacea Curtis.

Phylogeny and biogeography of Calamagrostis (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae: Agrostidinae), description of a new genus, Condilorachia (Calothecinae), and expansion of Greeneochloa and Pentapogon (Echinopogoninae)

“…All of these genera have been found in a clade in previous molecular analyses and in our unpublished trees investigating a large number of species in Agrostis , Calamagrostis , Cinnagrostis , and Koeleria Pers. (Saarela et al, 2017; Barberá et al, 2019a, 2019b; Peterson et al, 2019a, 2020; da Silva et al, 2022), and are included in four of the six subtribes of tribe Poeae supersubtribe Agrostidodinae Soreng (Soreng et al, 2017, 2022a; Tkach et al, 2020). Previous analyses of Polypogon Desf.…”

“…A taxon duplication analysis (Pirie et al, 2008; Pelser et al, 2010; Peterson et al, 2015a, 2016, 2020, 2022) was performed on the full set (Appendix S1) of the American and Eurasian species of Calamagrostis , including the taxa/specimens with incongruent plastid and ITS data. In the latter case, the plastid and ITS data were used separately, testing their alternative placements against phylogenetic grouping and tree topology obtained in the Calamagrostis core analysis.…”

“…and the largest of the 12 subfamilies in the Poaceae Barnhart, with 4124 species in 219 genera (Soreng et al, 2022a). Economically important species in the subfamily include crops in genera Triticum L. (wheat), Hordeum L. (barley), and Avena L. (oats); numerous turfgrasses in genera such as Agrostis L., Festuca L., Lolium L., and Poa L.; and important pasture and wild forage grasses in genera such as Alopecurus L., Dactylis L., Elymus L., and Phleum L. Major lineages within the Pooideae have previously been identified (Macfarlane & Watson, 1980, 1982; Soreng et al, 1990, 2007; Catalán et al, 2004; Davis & Soreng, 2007; Quintanar et al, 2007; Schneider et al, 2009, 2012; Saarela et al, 2010, 2015, 2017; Romaschenko et al, 2012; Barberá et al, 2019a, 2019b; Peterson et al, 2019a, 2019b, 2020; Sylvester et al, 2020; da Silva et al, 2022) and classified as supertribes, tribes, subtribes, and other subfamilial taxa (e.g., Clayton & Renvoize, 1986; Watson & Dallwitz, 1992 onwards; Grass Phylogeny Working Group, 2001; Soreng et al, 2003, 2007). Recent classifications recognize 15 (Soreng et al, 2017, 2022) and 10 tribes (Kellogg, 2015) in Pooideae.…”

“…Scribn. & Merr., Polypogon Desf., and Triplachne Link (Saarela et al, 2017; Soreng et al, 2017; Peterson et al, 2020).…”

Un nuevo registro de Podagrostis (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae) para México

“…Sus especies fueron consideradas como parte de Agrostis L. (p. ej., Clayton y Renvoize, 1986;Pohl y Davidse, 1994) y recientemente evidencia morfológica y molecular ha permitido su reconocimiento como un género distinto (Peterson et al, 2020;Sylvester et al, 2020;Molina et al, 2021). Podagrostis se identifica por la siguiente combinación de características: espiguillas unifloras con el flósculo tan largo o ligeramente más corto que las glumas, pálea bien desarrollada y raquilla prolongada a manera de cerda glabra o pilosa distal- (Molina et al, 2021), todas registradas como Agrostis en revisiones recientes de la familia en el país (Dávila et al, 2018;Sánchez-Ken, 2018(2019).…”