2005
DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(05)00028-x
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A Phylogenomic Inventory of Meiotic GenesEvidence for Sex in Giardia and an Early Eukaryotic Origin of Meiosis

Abstract: homologs of well-known meiotic genes. The direct implications are that Giardia is, or was recently, capable of sexual reproduction and, thus, does not represent an ancient eukaryotic lineage that diverged before meiosis arose. Instead, the origin of meiosis predates the diver- plemental Data), all indicate that these genes are comOne possible interpretation of these observations is that plete, bona fide homologs of meiotic genes. diplomonads such as Giardia represent an "intermedi- Table 2 shows that the Giard… Show more

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Cited by 229 publications
(321 citation statements)
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“…Perhaps because of this divergence, we have been unable to identify clear homologs of these proteins in most organisms other than those related to S. cerevisiae. Similar divergence is seen for the other meiosis-regulated DSB proteins Jiao et al 2002;Henderson et al 2006;Keeney 2007), but this feature is not unique to the DSB proteins, as it has been observed that meiotic recombination proteins in general tend to be among the most rapidly diverging groups of proteins in the cell (see Ramesh et al 2005;Richard et al 2005). …”
Section: Amino Acid Sequence Alignments Of Highly Diverged Yeast Mei4supporting
confidence: 60%
“…Perhaps because of this divergence, we have been unable to identify clear homologs of these proteins in most organisms other than those related to S. cerevisiae. Similar divergence is seen for the other meiosis-regulated DSB proteins Jiao et al 2002;Henderson et al 2006;Keeney 2007), but this feature is not unique to the DSB proteins, as it has been observed that meiotic recombination proteins in general tend to be among the most rapidly diverging groups of proteins in the cell (see Ramesh et al 2005;Richard et al 2005). …”
Section: Amino Acid Sequence Alignments Of Highly Diverged Yeast Mei4supporting
confidence: 60%
“…Nuclei fusion has been physically observed through transmission electron micrographs (Poxleitner et al 2008), and the presence of meiotic recombinant genes has been detected in phylogenomic studies (Ramesh et al 2005). In this report we have shown that three of the eukaryotic meiotic-like recombination core genes, dmc1, spo11 and hop1 are present not only in the Giardia genome but are also being differentially transcribed during its life cycle suggesting a critical function in Giardia's differentiation process.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 63%
“…Although direct observation of sexual reproduction has not been described for Giardia, it has been proposed that this parasite might undergo rare meiotic-like events in the wild (Birky 2005, Cooper et al 2007 or might undergo a parasexual phenomenon, a process where two cell nuclei merge without any sexual process, which unlike meiosis, is not accompanied by genome reduction and subsequent fusion of gametes from the same parent (Poxleitner et al 2008). Parasexuality is supported by the observations of nuclei fusion in the Giardia cyst (karyogamy) together with a phylogenomic analysis of the Giardia sequenced genome that revealed genes associated with homologous recombination (Ramesh et al 2005). Homologues recombination is one of the most important consequences of meiosis and has been rated by some authors as the essence of sex (Villenueve & Hillers 2001).…”
mentioning
confidence: 58%
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“…A fascinating recent discovery from mining the genome project is that E. histolytica possesses an essentially complete complement of the genes known to be required for meiosis [14]. E. histolytica trophozoites reproduce by binary fission and, although the existence of genetic recombination has been proposed on at least one occasion [15], there have been no confirmed sightings of amebic sex.…”
Section: Sex Too?mentioning
confidence: 99%