A phylogenetic reconstruction of the Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) based on the D2 variable region of 28S ribosomal RNA

Belshaw, Robert; Fitton, M. G.; Herniou, Elisabeth A.; Gimeno, C; Quicke, Donald L. J.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00046.x

Cited by 130 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We divided parasitoid species into groups based on combination of their ecology and taxonomy (Table S3). Within Hymenoptera, the monophyletic sister groups Braconidae and Ichneumonidae (Belshaw et al 1998;Whitfield 2003), with no clear differences in ecology, were analysed separately as the two largest taxa. In Diptera: Tachinidae, there is a clear split in ecology within our dataset, with Exoristinae: Goniini possessing specialized ''microtype'' eggs which are placed on vegetation and later ingested by the host (hereafter ''indirectly ovipositing Tachinidae'') and Dexiinae: Voriini, Tachininae: Siphonini (Ceromya and Peribaea) and the rest of Exoristinae which oviposit directly on the host (''directly ovipositing Tachinidae'').…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitism rate, parasitoid community composition and host specificity on exposed and semi-concealed caterpillars from a tropical rainforest

et al. 2013

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The processes maintaining the enormous diversity of herbivore-parasitoid food webs depend on parasitism rate and parasitoid host specificity. The two parameters have to be evaluated in concert to make conclusions about the importance of parasitoids as natural enemies and guide biological control. We document parasitism rate and host specificity in a highly diverse caterpillar-parasitoid food web encompassing 266 species of lepidopteran hosts and 172 species of hymenopteran or dipteran parasitoids from a lowland tropical forest in Papua New Guinea. We found that semi-concealed hosts (leaf rollers and leaf tiers) represented 84 % of all caterpillars, suffered a higher parasitism rate than exposed caterpillars (12 vs. 5 %) and their parasitoids were also more host specific. Semi-concealed hosts may therefore be generally more amenable to biological control by parasitoids than exposed ones. Parasitoid host specificity was highest in Braconidae, lower in Diptera: Tachinidae, and, unexpectedly, the lowest in Ichneumonidae. This result challenges the long-standing view of low host specificity in caterpillar-attacking Tachinidae and suggests higher suitability of Braconidae and lower suitability of Ichneumonidae for biological control of caterpillars. Semi-concealed hosts and their parasitoids are the largest, yet understudied component of caterpillar-parasitoid food webs. However, they still remain much closer in parasitism patterns to exposed hosts than to what literature reports on fully concealed leaf miners. Specifically, semi-concealed hosts keep an equally low share of idiobionts (2 %) as exposed caterpillars.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitism rate, parasitoid community composition and host specificity on exposed and semi-concealed caterpillars from a tropical rainforest

et al. 2013

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“…The results should identify the relative positions of the putative basal lineages of the ants. The 28S rRNA locus employed here has been used frequently to reveal phylogenetic relationships for a variety of taxonomic groups (Belshaw et al, 1998;Cameron and Mardulyn, 2001;Linares et al, 1991;Morgan et al, 2002;Sullender and Johnson, 1998;Whiting et al, 1997). The molecular sequence analysis also provides an opportunity to test how well the morphological characters used to establish the poneromorph subfamilies delineate actual phylogenetic relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular systematics of basal subfamilies of ants using 28S rRNA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Ouellette

Fisher

Girman

2006

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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For many years, the ant subfamily Ponerinae was hypothesized to contain the basal (early branching) lineages of ants. Recently the Ponerinae were reclassiWed into six poneromorph subfamilies based on morphological analysis. We evaluate this new poneromorph classiWcation using 1240 base pairs of DNA sequence data obtained from 28S rRNA gene sequences of 68 terminal taxa. The molecular tree supported the monophyly of the ant family Formicidae, with 100% parsimony bootstrap (PB) support and posterior probabilities (PP) of 1.00, with the ant subfamily Leptanillinae as a sister group to all other ants (PB D 62, PP D 93). However, our analyses strongly support the polyphyly of the Poneromorph subfamilies (sensu Bolton). The Ectatomminae and Heteroponerinae are more closely related to the Formicoid subfamilies than to the rest of the poneromophs (PB D 96, PP D 100). The Amblyoponinae (PB D 52, PP D 96), Paraponerinae (PB D 100, PP D 100), Ponerinae (PB < 50, PP D 71), and Proceratiinae (PB D 98, PP D 100) appear as distinct lineages at the base of the tree and are identiWed as a poneroid grade. Monophyletic origins for the poneroid subfamilies Amblyoponinae, Paraponerinae, Ponerinae and Proceratiinae are supported in our analysis. However, the genus Platythyrea forms a distinct sister group to the Ponerini within the Ponerinae. The Heteroponerinae, based on our sample of Heteroponera, are associated with the subfamily Ectatomminae (PB D 98, PP D 100). Furthermore, our data indicate the genus Probolomyrmex belongs to the Proceratiinae as suggested by recent morphological analysis (PB 98, PP 100).

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“…Sex determination has been investigated in members of only three of about 40 subfamilies: the relatively basal Braconinae, the derived Microgastrinae, and the intermediate Alysiinae (see Quicke and van Achterberg, 1990;Wharton et al, 1992;van Achterberg and Quicke, 1992;and Belshaw et al (1998) for detailed treatments of the relationship among braconid subfamilies). Thus far, CSD has been confirmed in the braconine genus Habrobracon, and the microgastrine Microplitis croceipes (Whiting, 1961;Steiner and Teig, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-locus complementary sex determination absent in Heterospilus prosopidis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Hopper

Ode

et al. 2005

Heredity

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In the haplodiploid Hymenoptera, haploid males arise from unfertilized eggs, receiving a single set of maternal chromosomes while diploid females arise from fertilized eggs and receive both maternal and paternal chromosomes. Under single-locus complementary sex determination (sl-CSD), sex is determined by multiple alleles at a single locus. Sex locus heterozygotes develop as females, while hemizygous and homozygous eggs develop as haploid and diploid males, respectively. Diploid males, which are inviable or sterile in almost all cases studied, are therefore produced in high frequency under inbreeding or in populations with low sex allele diversity. CSD is considered to be the ancestral form of sex determination within the Hymenoptera because members of the most basal taxa have CSD while some of the more derived groups have other mechanisms of sex determination that produce the haplo-diploid pattern without penalizing inbreeding. In this study, we investigated sex determination in Heterospilus prosopidis Viereck, a parasitoid from a relatively primitive subfamily of the Braconidae, a hymenopteran family having species with and without CSD. By comparing sex ratio and mortality patterns produced by inbred and outbred females, we were able to rule out sl-CSD as a sex determination mechanism in this species. The absence of sl-CSD in H. prosopidis was unexpected given its basal phylogenetic position in the Braconidae. This and other recent studies suggest that sex determination systems in the Hymenoptera may be evolutionary labile. Heredity (2005) 95, 228-234.

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A phylogenetic reconstruction of the Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) based on the D2 variable region of 28S ribosomal RNA

Cited by 130 publications

References 17 publications

Parasitism rate, parasitoid community composition and host specificity on exposed and semi-concealed caterpillars from a tropical rainforest

Parasitism rate, parasitoid community composition and host specificity on exposed and semi-concealed caterpillars from a tropical rainforest

Molecular systematics of basal subfamilies of ants using 28S rRNA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Single-locus complementary sex determination absent in Heterospilus prosopidis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

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