A phylogenetic examination of the primary anthocyanin production pathway of the Plantae

Campanella, James J.; Smalley, John V.; Dempsey, Maureen E

doi:10.1186/1999-3110-55-10

Cited by 49 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Interestingly, habitats at relatively high elevations and low latitudes have higher UV radiation compared to lower elevations and higher latitudes (Daniels, ), which might help explain associations between dark (violet) fruit and these habitats. Furthermore, it has been suggested that delphinidin (involved in violet anthocyanin production), evolved first in gymnosperms in high‐elevation habitats in the Carboniferous, and helps protect against more intense UV radiation in these habitats (Campanella, Smalley, & Dempsey, ). Gloger’s () rule suggests that darker animals live closer to the equator due to changing selective pressures (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why is fruit colour so variable? Phylogenetic analyses reveal relationships between fruit‐colour evolution, biogeography and diversification

Fritsch

Matzke

et al. 2019

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Aim Are different fruit colours related to large‐scale patterns of dispersal, distribution and diversification? Here, we investigate this question for the first time, using phylogenetic approaches in the tribe Gaultherieae (Ericaceae). We test relationships between fruit colour and (a) biogeographic dispersal, (b) elevational and latitudinal species distributions and (c) rates of diversification. Location Global. Time period Recent to 30 million years ago. Major taxa studied The plant tribe Gaultherieae in the family Ericaceae (blueberries and relatives). Methods We estimated a new time‐calibrated phylogeny for Gaultherieae. Data on fruit colours and geographic distributions for each species were compiled from published sources and field observations. Using phylogenetic methods, we estimated major dispersal events across the tree and the most likely fruit colour associated with each dispersal event, and tested whether dispersal between major biogeographic regions was equally likely for different fruit colours, and whether dispersal distances were larger for certain colours. We then tested the relationships between fruit colours and geographic variables (latitude, elevation) and diversification rates. Results Large‐scale dispersal events were significantly associated with red‐fruited lineages, even though red‐fruited species were relatively uncommon. Further, different fruit colours were associated with different elevations and latitudes (e.g. red at lower elevations, violet at lower latitudes, white at higher elevations). Violet colour was related to increased diversification rates, leading to more violet‐fruited species globally. Main conclusions Overall, we show that different fruit colours can significantly impact the large‐scale dispersal, distribution and diversification of plant clades. Furthermore, the interplay between biogeography and fruit‐colour evolution seems to generate “taxon cycles” in fruit colour that may drive variation in fruit colour over macroevolutionary time‐scales.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why is fruit colour so variable? Phylogenetic analyses reveal relationships between fruit‐colour evolution, biogeography and diversification

Fritsch

Matzke

et al. 2019

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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“…Spinacia ) (Shimada et al ., , ). These observations imply that betalain pigmentation can substitute for the otherwise ubiquitous anthocyanic pigmentation (Bischoff, ; Clement & Mabry, ), which is the dominant form of pigmentation across land plants (Campanella et al ., ) (Fig. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of betalain biosynthesis in Caryophyllales

et al. 2019

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Summary Within the angiosperm order Caryophyllales, an unusual class of pigments known as betalains can replace the otherwise ubiquitous anthocyanins. In contrast to the phenylalanine‐derived anthocyanins, betalains are tyrosine‐derived pigments which contain the chromophore betalamic acid. The origin of betalain pigments within Caryophyllales and their mutual exclusion with anthocyanin pigments have been the subject of considerable research. In recent years, numerous discoveries, accelerated by ‐omic scale data, phylogenetics and synthetic biology, have shed light on the evolution of the betalain biosynthetic pathway in Caryophyllales. These advances include the elucidation of the biosynthetic steps in the betalain pathway, identification of transcriptional regulators of betalain synthesis, resolution of the phylogenetic history of key genes, and insight into a role for modulation of primary metabolism in betalain synthesis. Here we review how molecular genetics have advanced our understanding of the betalain biosynthetic pathway, and discuss the impact of phylogenetics in revealing its evolutionary history. In light of these insights, we explore our new understanding of the origin of betalains, the mutual exclusion of betalains and anthocyanins, and the homoplastic distribution of betalain pigmentation within Caryophyllales. We conclude with a speculative conceptual model for the stepwise emergence of betalain pigmentation.

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“…In the core Caryophyllales, betalains can largely substitute for the otherwise ubiquitous anthocyanins (Bischoff, 1876;Mabry, 1964), which are the dominant form of pigmentation across land plants (Campanella et al, 2014) (see Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lineage‐specific gene radiations underlie the evolution of novel betalain pigmentation in Caryophyllales

et al. 2015

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Betalain pigments are unique to the Caryophyllales and structurally and biosynthetically distinct from anthocyanins. Two key enzymes within the betalain synthesis pathway have been identified: 4,5-dioxygenase (DODA) that catalyzes the formation of betalamic acid and CYP76AD1, a cytochrome P450 gene that catalyzes the formation of cyclo-DOPA.We performed phylogenetic analyses to reveal the evolutionary history of the DODA and CYP76AD1 lineages and in the context of an ancestral reconstruction of pigment states we explored the evolution of these genes in relation to the complex evolution of pigments in Caryophylalles.Duplications within the CYP76AD1 and DODA lineages arose just before the origin of betalain pigmentation in the core Caryophyllales. The duplications gave rise to DODA-α and CYP76AD1-α isoforms that appear specific to betalain synthesis. Both betalain-specific isoforms were then lost or downregulated in the anthocyanic Molluginaceae and Caryophyllaceae.Our findings suggest a single origin of the betalain synthesis pathway, with neofunctionalization following gene duplications in the CYP76AD1 and DODA lineages. Loss of DODA-α and CYP76AD1-α in anthocyanic taxa suggests that betalain pigmentation has been lost twice in Caryophyllales, and exclusion of betalain pigments from anthocyanic taxa is mediated through gene loss or downregulation. [Correction added after online publication 13 May 2015: in the last two paragraphs of the Summary the gene name CYP761A was changed to CYP76AD1.]

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A phylogenetic examination of the primary anthocyanin production pathway of the Plantae

Cited by 49 publications

References 45 publications

Why is fruit colour so variable? Phylogenetic analyses reveal relationships between fruit‐colour evolution, biogeography and diversification

Why is fruit colour so variable? Phylogenetic analyses reveal relationships between fruit‐colour evolution, biogeography and diversification

The evolution of betalain biosynthesis in Caryophyllales

Lineage‐specific gene radiations underlie the evolution of novel betalain pigmentation in Caryophyllales

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