A photon-counting LiDAR bathymetric method based on adaptive variable ellipse filtering

Investigating the Shallow-Water Bathymetric Capability of Zhuhai-1 Spaceborne Hyperspectral Images Based on ICESat-2 Data and Empirical Approaches: A Case Study in the South China Sea

“…All the ATL03 ground tracks were first processed using a filtering and refractioncorrection algorithm [28,46]. In this algorithm, a density-based variable elliptical filter was employed to separate sea surface and seafloor photons from noisy raw ATL03 photons.…”

“…As shown in Figure 4a,b, the high correlation (R 2 > 0.8) of the SDB models is mainly distributed in two areas of band selection. A suitable dual-band selection strategy is to choose two bands from blue to green light (bands 1 to 9 of Zhuhai-1), while another strategy is to choose one band from the red bands (bands 10-17 of Zhuhai-1) and the other from the near-infrared bands (bands [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. When two suitable bands were selected by the two strategies, the R 2 between the depths of the ground tracks and the estimated depths were over 0.8; additionally, RMSEs were less than 1.5 m.…”

“…Previous studies have investigated the bathymetric accuracy of the ICESat-2 ATLAS in several areas and demonstrated an RMSE of 0.6 m [22,26,28]. When the bathymetric results of the ICESat-2 ATL03 ground tracks were used as the in situ measurements to seed the SDB models, certain errors were introduced into the SDB models.…”

“…Several studies have investigated the bathymetric capability of ATLAS, reporting a maximum value of 38 m in the clear ocean water [25,26]. On a global scale, there is still a lack of research on the SDB method by fusion of ICESat-2 data and remote sensing images [27,28].…”

A Portable Algorithm to Retrieve Bottom Depth of Optically Shallow Waters from Top-Of-Atmosphere Measurements

“…Thus, there is a change of light speed between the two media that results in a systematic bias in the calculated bottom depth. The light-correction algorithm of Parrish et al [42] was applied to remove this effect from the bottom depth obtained in #4 above, where the uncertainty of the corrected depth is extremely low (a few centimeters) [21,42,43].…”