A photographic method for drop characterization in agricultural sprinklers

Salvador, R.; Bautista-Capetillo, Carlos; Burguete, J.; Zapata, N.; Serreta, Alfredo; Playán, E.

doi:10.1007/s00271-009-0147-2

Cited by 62 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This research presents the methodology to simulate FSPS water distribution pattern using droplet kineSimulating water distribution patterns for fixed spray plate sprinkler using the ballistic theory 859 tic energy analysis. The velocity of the drops after the jet impact with the deflecting plate was successfully determined for a combination of nozzle sizes and operational pressures by the photographical method (Salvador et al, 2009). The measured drop velocity increases with nozzle size indicating that jet impact head losses decreases as nozzle diameter increases.…”

Section: Calibration Of the Ballistic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method requires intense illumination, which may be easily obtained in the local conditions by outdoor operation near solar midday. In these circumstances the drops are photographed as cylinders whose diameter corresponds to the drop diameter and whose length is equivalent to the drop displacement during 1/100 s. This technique permits the determination of cross-sectional diameter, tangential velocity and vertical angle of individual drops located at different distances from the emitter (Salvador et al, 2009). Drop photographs were taken at an average horizontal distance of 0.75 m from the FSPS.…”

Section: Characterization Of Velocity and Angle Of The Drops At The Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selected nozzle diameters (ranging from 2.0 mm to 8.7 mm) and working pressures represent the operational possibilities of a commercial pivot equipped with FSPS. The photographical method proposed by Salvador et al (2009) was used. This technique is based on low speed photography (1/100 s) of the sprinkler droplets as they travel from the sprinkler to the soil surface.…”

Section: Characterization Of Velocity and Angle Of The Drops At The Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating water distribution patterns for fixed spray plate sprinkler using the ballistic theory

Ouazaa

Burguete

Paniagua

et al. 2014

Span. j. agric. res.

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Ballistic simulation of the spray sprinkler for self-propelled irrigation machines requires the incorporation of the effect of the jet impact with the deflecting plate. The kinetic energy losses produced by the jet impact with the spray plate were experimentally characterized for different nozzle sizes and two working pressures for fixed spray plate sprinklers (FSPS). A technique of low speed photography was used to determine drop velocity at the point where the jet is broken into droplets. The water distribution pattern of FSPS for different nozzle sizes, working at two pressures and under different wind conditions were characterized in field experiments. The ballistic model was calibrated to simulate water distribution in different technical and meteorological conditions. Field experiments and the ballistic model were used to obtain the model parameters (D50, n, K1and K2). The results show that kinetic energy losses decrease with nozzle diameter increments; from 80% for the smallest nozzle diameter (2 mm) to 45% for nozzle diameters larger than 5.1 mm, and from 80% for the smallest nozzle diameter (2 mm) to 34.7% for nozzle diameters larger than 6.8 mm, at 138 kPa and 69 kPa working pressures, respectively. The results from the model compared well with field observations. The calibrated model has reproduced accurately the water distribution pattern in calm (r=0.98) and high windy conditions (r=0.76). A new relationship was found between the corrector parameters (K1’ and K2’) and the wind speed. As a consequence, model simulation will be possible for untested meteorological conditions.

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Section: Calibration Of the Ballistic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Velocity and Angle Of The Drops At The Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Velocity and Angle Of The Drops At The Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating water distribution patterns for fixed spray plate sprinkler using the ballistic theory

Ouazaa

Burguete

Paniagua

et al. 2014

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…Use of the Illinois camera resulted in drop count errors due to superimposition of multiple drops [70]. Digital pixilation also limited the accuracy of several photographic techniques [72]. In addition, photographic techniques are subject to environmental influences such as wind which may cause drop drift and measurement errors [73].…”

Section: Salvador Et Al (2009) [72]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain Drop Measurement Techniques: A Review

Kathiravelu

Lucke

Nichols

2016

Water

121

108

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For over a century there have been many studies that describe the use of rain drop measurement techniques. Initial manual measurement methods evolved due to improved technology to include photographic and, more recently, automated disdrometer and laser measurement techniques. Despite these numerous studies, there have been few comparative reviews of the range of methodologies, and their relative performance. This review explores the raindrop measurement techniques available, and summarizes and classifies the techniques according to the method or principle involved. The requirements of a robust raindrop measurement technique are suggested, and these are reviewed against existing rain drop measurement techniques to provide a comparative guide to the use of the range of techniques available for any research study. This review revealed that while advances in technology have allowed many of the deficiencies of early techniques to be eliminated, challenges remain in relation to the precision of the measurement of the size, shape, and velocity of rain drops.

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“…Vories et al (1987) analizó la formación de gotas concluyendo que se forman en dos puntos: a la salida de la boquilla y a un metro de la misma. Diversas técnicas directas e indirectas se han desarrollado para caracterizar gotas en aspersores tipo spray o de impacto (Montero et al 2003;Salvador et al 2009;Bautista-Capetillo et al 2014). De los trabajos experimentales se han propuesto modelos de distribución estadísticos de los tamaños de gota que salen de un aspersor, uno de ellos exponencial es el modelo Weibull (Kincaid et al 1996) (Ecuación 1).…”

Section: ) Introducción Y Objetivounclassified

XXXVI Congreso Nacional de Riegos, Valladolid 2018 DOI: http//dx.doi.org/10.25028/CNRiegos.2018.A25 A-25 MODELO DE SIMULACIÓN DE RIEGO POR ASPERSIÓN CON CALIBRACIÓN AUTOMÁTICA A UNA BASE DE DATOS EXPERIMENTAL

Robles¹,

Burguete²,

Zapata³

et al. 2018

XXXVI Congreso Nacional De Riegos

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ResumenLa simulación del patrón de distribución de agua de los aspersores de impacto se ha estudiado mediante la dinámica de gotas explicada por la teoría balística. Diversos trabajos de investigación han propuesto modelos de simulación de riego por aspersión basados en ecuaciones semi-empíricas. En este trabajo se desarrollaron modificaciones al modelo de simulación balística de Playán et al. (2006) en las siguientes etapas del modelo: la generación y distancia de formación de las gotas, la interceptación de gotas en un plano horizontal sobre el suelo, sobre el modelo de PEA, el método numérico de solución, en la definición de la función objetivo a minimizar, y en el proceso de calibración y validación del modelo. El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar una herramienta automática de simulación de riego por aspersión separando el proceso de simulación del de calibración. Para ello se conformó una base de datos con ensayos experimentales de cinco aspersores de impacto utilizados comúnmente en el Valle del Ebro. Se obtuvo un modelo de pérdidas por evaporación y arrastre para ajustar las pluviometrías simuladas que representa su variabilidad en un 56%. Para la solución de la dinámica de gotas se utilizó el método de Runge-Kutta de orden 3 con un incremento de tiempo variable. En términos de uniformidad de riego el modelo calibrado representa la variabilidad en un 68 % logrando disminuir los errores del trabajo anterior en particular para un aspersor de impacto. Se destaca la potencia del auto-calibrador de ejecución paralelizada usando un Clúster del CSIC con lo que se agilizó el proceso de calibración y simulación. 1) Introducción y objetivoLos modelos de simulación en riego por aspersión son de gran importancia para mejorar la gestión del agua de riego, especialmente a escala de parcela. La simulación del patrón de distribución de agua de los aspersores de impacto se ha estudiado mediante la dinámica de gotas explicada por la teoría balística (Fukui et al. 1980). Para simular el movimiento de gotas es necesario conocer dónde se forman, su distribución de tamaños, su velocidad inicial y la resistencia aerodinámica a la que están expuestas. Vories et al. (1987) analizó la formación de gotas concluyendo que se forman en dos puntos: a la salida de la boquilla y a un metro de la misma. Diversas técnicas directas e indirectas se han desarrollado para caracterizar gotas en aspersores tipo spray o de impacto

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A photographic method for drop characterization in agricultural sprinklers

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Simulating water distribution patterns for fixed spray plate sprinkler using the ballistic theory

Simulating water distribution patterns for fixed spray plate sprinkler using the ballistic theory

Rain Drop Measurement Techniques: A Review

XXXVI Congreso Nacional de Riegos, Valladolid 2018 DOI: http//dx.doi.org/10.25028/CNRiegos.2018.A25 A-25 MODELO DE SIMULACIÓN DE RIEGO POR ASPERSIÓN CON CALIBRACIÓN AUTOMÁTICA A UNA BASE DE DATOS EXPERIMENTAL

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