A Photo‐Stable Indocyanine Green and Rapamycin Co‐Delivery System Based on Poly(Glutamic Acid)‐Modified Manganese Phosphate for Synergetic Tumor Therapy

Abstract

Some manganese‐based nanomaterials quench the fluorescence of photosensitizers, which strongly quenches fluorescence emission and suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) production due to the photo‐induced charge transfer from the excited photosensitizer to nanomaterials. In this study, to overcome these disadvantages, amorphous porous manganese phosphate (MnP) nanoparticles are used for loading indocyanine green (ICG), and a broader ICG absorbance width instead of weakened fluorescence profile is observed, resulting in higher stability and phototherapy efficiency under 808 nm irradiation. Moreover, autophagy inhibition obviously weakens the ICG‐mediated phototherapy to breast cancer cells. On this foundation, an autophagy promoter rapamycin (RAPA) and ICG are co‐loaded into the MnP nanoparticles, and further decorated with biocompatible poly(glutamic acid). As expected, this stable nanoplatform released 80.0±4.1% agents at low pH compared to that 32.0±4.8% at normal pH, indicating a clear pH‐responsive release profile. Uniting phototherapy with autophagy promoter by this system is found to achieve synergistic outcomes as evidenced by the smaller relative tumor volume of 1.8±0.4. Overall, this work provides the first photo‐stable manganese‐based nanomaterial without fluorescence quenching profile for achieving multiple desirable therapeutic performances.

Advances in Indocyanine Green-Based Codelivery Nanoplatforms for Combinatorial Therapy

“…Manganese-based nanomaterials hold excellent promise in multimodal and cancer therapy applications as MRI agents and drug delivery carriers benefiting from their degradable properties and tunable structures . Hao and colleagues developed a manganese-based nanoplatform for a combination of PDT and autophagy inhibitor for synergistic therapy . In this framework, ICG and the autophagy promotor RAPA were loaded in the pH-responsive porous manganese phosphate nanoparticles and coated with biocompatible poly­(glutamic acid).…”

“…97 Hao and colleagues developed a manganese-based nanoplatform for a combination of PDT and autophagy inhibitor for synergistic therapy. 98 In this framework, ICG and the autophagy promotor RAPA were loaded in the pHresponsive porous manganese phosphate nanoparticles and coated with biocompatible poly(glutamic acid). RAPA obviously enhanced the ICG-mediated phototherapy by autophagy regulation.…”

An oxygen-generating metal organic framework nanoplatform as a “synergy motor” for extricating dilemma over photodynamic therapy

“…Feng et al 76 utilized mesoporous zirconia co-delivered DOX and dichloroporphyrin e6. Hao et al 77 utilized amorphous porous manganese phosphate (MnP) nanoparticles loading ICG and an autophagy promoter rapamycin, further decorated with biocompatible poly(glutamic acid). These systems realized improved stability of photosensitizers to different extents.…”