A Phoswich Detector With Compton Suppression Capability for Radioxenon Measurements

Farsoni, Abi T.; Alemayehu, B.; Alhawsawi, Abdulsalam M.; Becker, Eric M.

doi:10.1109/tns.2012.2226606

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Furthermore, there's an issue of needing to individually determine the weight factors for each detection element when expanding to a positron imaging camera. Another promising approach is the use of the pulse shape discrimination (PSD) technique and a phoswich detector, which can detect both positrons and gamma rays 3,11–13 . This method, which doesn't require weight factors, provides consistent positron detection performance irrespective of the distribution of gamma background.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of phoswich detector‐based β+/γ‐ray discrimination algorithm with deep learning

Kim

Lee

et al. 2023

Medical Physics

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BackgroundPositron probes can accurately localize malignant tumors by directly detecting positrons emitted from positron‐emitting radiopharmaceuticals that accumulate in malignant tumors. In the conventional method for direct positron detection, multilayer scintillator detection and pulse shape discrimination techniques are used. However, some γ‐rays cannot be distinguished by conventional methods. Accordingly, these γ‐rays are misidentified as positrons, which may increase the error rate of positron detection.PurposeTo analyze the energy distribution in each scintillator of the multilayer scintillator detector to distinguish true positrons and γ‐rays and to improve the positron detection algorithm by discriminating true and false positrons.MethodsWe used Autoencoder, an unsupervised deep learning architecture, to obtain the energy distribution data in each scintillator of the multilayer scintillator detector. The Autoencoder was trained to separate the combined signals generated from the multilayer scintillator detector into two signals of each scintillator. An energy window was then applied to the energy distribution obtained using the trained Autoencoder to distinguish true positrons from false positrons. Finally, the performance of the proposed method and conventional positron detection algorithm was evaluated in terms of the sensitivity and error rate for positron detection.ResultsThe energy distribution map obtained using the trained Autoencoder was proven to be similar to that of the simulated results. Furthermore, the proposed method demonstrated a 29.79% (+0.42%p) increase in positron detection sensitivity compared to the conventional method, both having an equal error rate of 0.48%. However, when both methods were set to have the same sensitivity of 1.83%, the proposed method had an error rate that was 25.0% (−0.16%p) lower than that of the conventional method.ConclusionsWe proposed and developed an Autoencoder‐based positron detection algorithm that can discriminate between true and false positrons with a smaller error rate than conventional methods. We verified that the proposed method could increase the positron detection sensitivity while maintaining a low error rate compared to the conventional method. If the proposed algorithm is implemented in handheld positron detection probes or cameras, diseases such as cancers can be more accurately localized in a shorter time compared with using traditional methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of phoswich detector‐based β+/γ‐ray discrimination algorithm with deep learning

Kim

Lee

et al. 2023

Medical Physics

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“…Four xenon radioisotopes are of interest and emit electrons and photons within a few nanoseconds [16] or less, with electron energies ranging from 0 to 915 keV and photons ranging from 30 keV X-rays to 250 keV gammas, see Table 1. As samples typically have very low activities, several radioxenon detector systems are making use of beta/gamma coincidence counting with scintillators to reduce background [17], [18], [19], [20]. More recently, silicon detectors have been used as the electron detector [21], [22] or for electron/X-ray coincidence counting [23] in order to improve the energy resolution of conversion electron (CE) peaks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Time Synchronization of the Readout Electronics for a New Radioactive Gas Detection System

Hennig

Thomas

Hoover

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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In systems with multiple radiation detectors, time synchronization of the data collected from different detectors is essential to reconstruct multi-detector events such as scattering and coincidences. In cases where the number of detectors exceeds the readout channels in a single data acquisition electronics module, multiple modules have to be synchronized, which is traditionally accomplished by distributing clocks and triggers via dedicated connections.To eliminate this added cabling complexity in the case of a new radioactive gas detection system prototype under development at the French Atomic Energy Commission, we implemented time synchronization between multiple XIA Pixie-Net detector readout modules through the existing Ethernet network, based on the IEEE 1588 precision time protocol. The detector system is dedicated to the measurement of radioactive gases at low activity and consists of eight large silicon pixels and two NaI(Tl) detectors, instrumented with a total of three 4-channel Pixie-Net modules. Detecting NaI(Tl)/silicon coincidences will make it possible to identify each radioisotope present in the sample. To allow these identifications at low activities, the Pixie-Net modules must be synchronized to a precision well below the targeted coincidence window of 500-1000 ns. Being equipped with an Ethernet PHY compatible with IEEE 1588 and synchronous Ethernet that outputs a locally generated but system-wide synchronized clock, the Pixie-Net can operate its analog to digital converters and digital processing circuitry with that clock and match time stamps for captured data across the three modules. Depending on the network configuration and synchronization method, the implementation is capable to achieve timing precisions between 300 ns and 200 ps. Index Terms-Radioxenon, network time synchronization, precision time protocol, coincidence detection. W. Hennig (whennig@xia.com) and S. Hoover are with XIA LLC, Hayward, CA 94544 USA. V. Thomas and O. Delaune are with CEA, DAM,

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“…However, four radioxenon isotopes, 131m Xe (t 1/2 = 11.93 d), 133m Xe (t 1/2 = 2.19 d), 133 Xe (t 1/2 = 5.25 d) and 135 Xe (t 1/2 = 9.14 h), have relatively large fission yields and long half-lives which make their detection at long distances several days or even months after the release to the atmosphere realistic. Table 1 lists characteristic energies for the decay of these radioxenon isotopes [1]. The International Monitoring System (IMS) has been established to install and employ radioxenon detectors in various locations around the globe to measure atmospheric concentration of these radioxenon isotopes for any signs of nuclear weapon tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These detection systems work either based on beta-gamma coincidence technique (ARSA (USA), SAUNA (Sweden) and ARIX (Russia)) [12]- [14] or high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy (SPALAX (France)) [15]. Table 1 Half-lives and characteristic energies for the decay of 131m Xe, 133m Xe, 133 Xe, and 135 Xe [1]. ARSA, SAUNA and ARIX detection systems employ plastic and inorganic scintillators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Systems using high-resolution HPGe detectors, namely the SPALAX system, require regular maintenance due to the cryogenic cooling system, and are therefore not well suited to unattended applications. To address these issues, several detection systems have been developed during the past decade [1], [16]- [23]. These systems were able to address some of the aforementioned issues while still meeting the IMS requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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135Xe measurements with a two-element CZT-based radioxenon detector for nuclear explosion monitoring

Ranjbar

Farsoni

Becker

2017

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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Measurement of elevated concentrations of xenon radioisotopes (Xe, Xe,Xe and Xe) in the atmosphere has been shown to be a very powerful method for verifying whether or not a detected explosion is nuclear in nature. These isotopes are among the few with enough mobility and with half-lives long enough to make their detection at long distances realistic. Existing radioxenon detection systems used by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) suffer from problems such as complexity, need for high maintenance and memory effect. To study the response of CdZnTe (CZT) detectors to xenon radioisotopes and investigate whether it is capable of mitigating the aforementioned issues with the current radioxenon detection systems, a prototype detector utilizing two coplanar CZT detectors was built and tested at Oregon State University. The detection system measures xenon radioisotopes through beta-gamma coincidence technique by detecting coincidence events between the two detectors. In this paper, we introduce the detector design and report our measurement results with radioactive lab sources andXe produced in the OSU TRIGA reactor. Minimum Detectable Concentration (MDC) for Xe was calculated to be 1.47 ± 0.05 mBq/m.

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A Phoswich Detector With Compton Suppression Capability for Radioxenon Measurements

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Improvement of phoswich detector‐based β+/γ‐ray discrimination algorithm with deep learning

Improvement of phoswich detector‐based β+/γ‐ray discrimination algorithm with deep learning

Network Time Synchronization of the Readout Electronics for a New Radioactive Gas Detection System

135Xe measurements with a two-element CZT-based radioxenon detector for nuclear explosion monitoring

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