A phosphoric anion layer inhibits electronic current generation and nanotube growth during anodization of titanium

Abstract

Nowadays the formation mechanism of anodic TiO2 nanotubes has attracted extensive attention. Field-assisted dissolution (TiO2 +6F− +4H+ →[TiF6]2− + 2H2O) has been considered as the causal link to the formation...

Optimization of Photoelectrochemical Response on TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Treated by H3PO4 and Mechanism Analysis of the Slowing Down Effect during Preparation

“…The addition of H 3 PO 4 caused a significant change in the current density−time curve, which showed typical curve characteristics in H 3 PO 4 -based electrolytes. 26,37,38 Besides, the decrease of current density also means that the reaction process is slowed; that is, the rate of oxide formation is reduced, which is consistent with the morphology presented in Figure 5. Previous researches have proved that the mixed phase of anatase and rutile has better photoresponse than the single phase.…”

Influence of Current Duty Cycle and Voltage of Micro-Arc Oxidation on the Microstructure and Composition of Calcium Phosphate Coating

“…The mechanism of titanium phosphate formation in samples deposited by MAO with varying pulse current duty cycles involves the interaction of titanium with phosphate ions in the electrolyte, driven by localized high temperatures and electric fields generated during the process. Titanium phosphates can form due to the high local temperatures and electric fields on the titanium surface, which initiate and sustain chemical reactions between titanium and phosphate ions (PO 4 3− ) [58,59]. Varying the pulse current duty cycle affects the duration and intensity of micro-arc discharges, which, in turn, alters the local temperatures and current densities on the titanium surface [33,40].…”