A phosphoric acid fuel cell cogeneration system retrofit to a large office building

Archer, D.H.; Wimer, J.G.; Williams, Mark C.

doi:10.1109/iecec.1997.661874

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Many modeling studies about PAFCs have been carried out, which include the further understanding of materials [10e12], electrochemical processes and transport phenomena [13e16], stack modeling [17e20], hybrid systems for other applications [21,22], and so on [23,24]. The rapid development of novel materials [3,4,25] and new technology [1,3] effectively improve the performance of PAFCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum power output and load matching of a phosphoric acid fuel cell-thermoelectric generator hybrid system

Chen

Wang

Cai³

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum power output and load matching of a phosphoric acid fuel cell-thermoelectric generator hybrid system

Chen

Wang

Cai³

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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“…Additionally, typical economic analyses of fuel cell systems (such as the study by Archer et al [9]) rely on daily averaged energy demands, resulting in an even greater loss of resolution and load dynamics, which have a profound impact on operations and utility pricing. As a result, high resolution building demand data are needed to adequately analyze the integration of fuel cell and ultra capacitor systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of stationary fuel cell dynamic ramping capabilities and ultra capacitor energy storage using high resolution demand data

Meacham

Jabbari

Brouwer

et al. 2006

Journal of Power Sources

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Current high temperature fuel cell (HTFC) systems used for stationary power applications (in the 200-300 kW size range) have very limited dynamic load following capability or are simply base load devices. Considering the economics of existing electric utility rate structures, there is little incentive to increase HTFC ramping capability beyond 1 kWs −1 (0.4% s −1 ). However, in order to ease concerns about grid instabilities from utility companies and increase market adoption, HTFC systems will have to increase their ramping abilities, and will likely have to incorporate electrical energy storage (EES). Because batteries have low power densities and limited lifetimes in highly cyclic applications, ultra capacitors may be the EES medium of choice. The current analyses show that, because ultra capacitors have a very low energy storage density, their integration with HTFC systems may not be feasible unless the fuel cell has a ramp rate approaching 10 kWs −1 (4% s −1 ) when using a worst-case design analysis. This requirement for fast dynamic load response characteristics can be reduced to 1 kWs −1 by utilizing high resolution demand data to properly size ultra capacitor systems and through demand management techniques that reduce load volatility.

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Multi-objective optimisation analysis and load matching of a phosphoric acid fuel cell system

Zhang

Lin

Chen

2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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A phosphoric acid fuel cell cogeneration system retrofit to a large office building

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Maximum power output and load matching of a phosphoric acid fuel cell-thermoelectric generator hybrid system

Maximum power output and load matching of a phosphoric acid fuel cell-thermoelectric generator hybrid system

Analysis of stationary fuel cell dynamic ramping capabilities and ultra capacitor energy storage using high resolution demand data

Multi-objective optimisation analysis and load matching of a phosphoric acid fuel cell system

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