A philosophical framework for pharmacy in the 21st century guided by ethical principles

Duffull, Stephen B.; Wright, Daniel F. B.; Marra, Carlo A.; Anakin, Megan

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.04.049

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The social and psychosocial factors within professions may play a significant role in translating these attitudes towards CEs. For example pharmacists tend to affiliate more with the non-maleficent approach, with their primary goal being to reduce risk of harm and therefore they may consistently take a risk-averse approach [41]. Healthcare professionals differed from accountants and lawyers in their attitudes towards whether it was ethical to use CEs to increase alertness and wakefulness, with healthcare professionals having a more negative attitude.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Professionals’ attitudes towards the use of cognitive enhancers in academic settings

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction and aims The non-medical use of prescription stimulants such as methylphenidate, dexamphetamine and modafinil is increasing in popularity within tertiary academic settings. There is a paucity of information on awareness, attitudes, and acceptability by professionals of use in this context. This study aimed to investigate professionals’ knowledge of and attitudes towards the use of cognitive enhancers (CEs) in academic settings, and their willingness to use a hypothetical CE. Design and methods A mail survey was sent to doctors, pharmacists, nurses, accountants and lawyers in New Zealand. These disciplines were chosen as they require professional registration to practice. The questionnaire comprised four sections: (1) demographics, (2) knowledge of CEs, (3) attitudes towards the use of CEs, and (4) willingness to use hypothetical CEs. Results The response rate was 34.5% (414/1200). Overall, participants strongly disagreed that it was fair to allow university students to use CEs for cognitive enhancement (Mdn = 1, IQR: 1,3), or that it is ethical for students without a prescription to use cognitive enhancers for any reason (Mdn = 1, IQR: 1,2). Professions differed in their attitudes towards whether it is ethical for students without a prescription to use CEs for any reason (p = 0.001, H 31.527). Discussion and conclusion Divergent views and lack of clear consensus within professions and between professionals on the use of CEs have the potential to influence both professionals and students as future professionals. These divergent views may stem from differences in the core values of self-identity as well as extrinsic factors of acceptability within the profession in balancing the elements of opportunity, fairness and authenticity in cognitive enhancement. Further research is required to inform the development of policy and guidelines that are congruent with all professions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Professionals’ attitudes towards the use of cognitive enhancers in academic settings

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is important to note that confidentiality was not part of the ethical principles assessed in that study and that in our study we did not include pharmacist’s autonomy as a bioethical principle. Only recently, pharmacists have started enrolling in services and responsibilities that necessitate the use of beneficence as an ethical principle such as optimization of regimens or adherence support, rather than utilizing non-maleficence – through being a clinical checker – as a primary ethical principle 19…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Perspectives of Pharmacy Graduates Toward an Undergraduate Ethics Course and Its Potential Impact on Their Professional Practice</p>

Kheir

Awaisu

Ibrahim

et al. 2019

AMEP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeThe aim of this study was to gauge the opinions and attitudes of pharmacy graduates toward an undergraduate ethics course they received and to explore if the ethics course was relevant to their practice.Sample and MethodsThis online questionnaire-based study involved pharmacy college graduates (alumni) who, at the time of the study, were practicing in different practice settings and who had all graduated from the same college of pharmacy in Qatar. An online questionnaire comprising 27 items related to attitudes, perceptions, and impact of the undergraduate ethics course on professional practice was distributed through email to all eligible alumni. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were performed for data analyses, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultsOf 119 invited graduates, 62 (52.1%) responded to the survey. About 73% of the respondents were satisfied with the ethics course received and 77.5% agreed that the course helped them in applying ethical principles in practice. Over 57% of the respondents discussed ethical issues in practice and 84.2% of these reported that the discussions were influenced by having had the ethics course. Barriers to applying ethical principles and discussing ethical issues in practice included lack of time (41%) and lack of reliable resources (23.1%). Participants’ years of experience did not influence their attitudes toward the ethics course and its impact on professional practice (p>0.05 for both). However, practicing in a hospital setting or completing postgraduate education had a significant influence on the perception of the impact of the course on professional practice (p=0.036 and p=0.035, respectively).ConclusionA large proportion of pharmacy graduates value the ethics course received during their undergraduate program in pharmacy. The course appeared to have a positive influence on graduates’ professional practice. Future studies should investigate specific areas that need to be reinforced in the curriculum and reliable reference resources should be developed and/or identified.

show abstract

“…This then calls into question whether the initial education and training of pharmacists is fit for purpose [23]. Literature suggests that pharmacists have been trained to work to prevent harm by correcting prescribers, rather than seeking to do good [24]. Where decision-making is motivated by the bioethical principle of non-maleficence (avoiding harm) rather than beneficence (doing good), decision-makers may be overly risk averse and more concerned with their role in any potential harm than working through the options that may be best for the patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Pharmacists’ Roles during the 2019–2020 Australian Black Summer Bushfires

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Australians are no strangers to sudden natural disasters, such as bushfires. The effects of a natural disaster can devastate local communities and health care services. Currently, limited research has explored the role of the pharmacist during a natural disaster. This study explores the role of the Australian pharmacist during the 2019/2020 Black Summer Bushfires. Methods: Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with ten community pharmacists who worked through the Black Summer Bushfires whose daily tasks and work environment were directly affected by the bushfires. Thematic analysis using NVivo®, a qualitative data analysis software was conducted. Results: Analysis of the transcripts generated six main themes: collaboration; trauma and mental health; power and communication; acute presentations; triaging and emergency prescribing. Pharmacists worked in close collaboration with doctors and members of the local community. They provided triaging services, timely health advice about chronic health problems, and managed acute issues, including wound and burn management and mental health support in traumatic conditions, sometimes without power and communication amenities. The challenges presented to pharmacists during the bushfires warranted creative and flexible approaches at times. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for mental health support and training for pharmacists, provisional prescribing privileges, and a clearer set of contingency regulations and legislation related to emergencies and natural disasters. Further research is warranted to gain greater insight into the roles undertaken by Australian pharmacists during natural disasters and their autonomy in decision making processes during such times.

show abstract

A philosophical framework for pharmacy in the 21st century guided by ethical principles

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Professionals’ attitudes towards the use of cognitive enhancers in academic settings

Professionals’ attitudes towards the use of cognitive enhancers in academic settings

<p>Perspectives of Pharmacy Graduates Toward an Undergraduate Ethics Course and Its Potential Impact on Their Professional Practice</p>

Exploring Pharmacists’ Roles during the 2019–2020 Australian Black Summer Bushfires

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About