A Phenotype of Mammary Intra-Epithelial Lymphocytes(mIEL) in Cows.

Yamaguchi, Takahiro; Hiratsuka, Masayuki; Asai, Kiyofumi; Kumagai, Katuo

doi:10.1267/ahc.33.11

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These observations indicate that SEs have specific activity against gastral and intestinal mucosal epithelium. We earlier reported that mammary gland epithelium is similar to intestinal epithelium in terms of intraepithelial lymphocytes [1,2,36,37]. Therefore, SEC may have a specific action on the mammary gland epithelium similar to that on intestinal epithelium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Concentrations and Specific Antibodies to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin-C and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 in Bovine Mammary Gland Secretions, and Inflammatory Response to the Intramammary Inoculation of These Toxins

Kuroishi¹,

Komine²,

Kai³

et al. 2003

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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To investigate the pathological role of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) in bovine mastitis, the production of SEs and TSST-1 was investigated in staphylococci isolated from 120 mammary gland secretions (MGS, 51 from no clinical sign-mammary glands and 69 from staphylococcal mastitic-mammary glands) collected from dairy farms where staphylococcal mastitis frequently occurred in Miyagi and Yamagata prefectures from 1997 to 1998. Concentrations of these toxins and specific antibody titers in each MGS were also measured. Furthermore, SEC and TSST-1 were inoculated into lactating mammary glands and inflammatory responses were analyzed. A high percentage of staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from both no clinical sign- and mastitic-MGS produced both SEC and/or TSST-1. The concentration of SEC increased with the severity of the mastitis, and was significantly higher (P<0.05) in acute mastitic-than in no clinical signs-MGS. Titers of specific antibodies to TSST-1 in MGS were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those to SEC, regardless of whether or not the cows were lactating or mastitic. Specific antibodies purified from MGS neutralized each toxin in vitro. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in somatic cell counts was induced by the intramammary inoculation of SEC but not TSST-1. These findings indicated that SEC rather than TSST-1 plays an important role in the pathology of staphylococcal bovine mastitis. The inflammatory activity of TSST-1 was probably neutralized by specific antibodies in MGS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Concentrations and Specific Antibodies to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin-C and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 in Bovine Mammary Gland Secretions, and Inflammatory Response to the Intramammary Inoculation of These Toxins

Kuroishi¹,

Komine²,

Kai³

et al. 2003

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…These results strongly suggested that c‐ kit was exclusively expressed in γ δ T cells. Since γ δ T cells localize in the mammary epithelium of cows, 7 SCF production by the mammary epithelial cells is expected to verify a possible interaction between epithelial cells and γ δ T cells in the bovine mammary gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We had previously shown that 29% of T cells in MGS during lactation period expressed γ δ T cell receptor (TCR), in which the γ δ T cells consisted of CD8 + and CD4 − CD8 − cells. 3 γ δ T cells are histochemically recognized in the mammary epithelium of cows as mIEL 7 . The phenotypes of T cells in MGS during lactation period are similar to those in intestinal IEL with respect to the predominance of CD8 + T cell subset and the abundance of γ δ T cells 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Differential Gene Expression of Cytokine and Cell Surface Molecules in T cell Subpopulation Derived from Mammary Gland Secretion of Cows

Asai¹,

Yamaguchi

Kuroishi³

et al. 2003

American J Rep Immunol

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“…Unfortunately, knowledge of the localization and nature of T lymphocytes in healthy mammary tissue is limited. It has been reported that in the bovine MG, T lymphocytes are present in close contact with the epithelium and in the connective tissue, with a predominance of CD8 pos over CD4 pos cells, in particular within the epithelium [85]. A proportion of the CD8 pos intraepithelial cells could be γδ T cells [86].…”

Section: The Defense Response Is Modulated By Resident Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The mammary gland is intolerant to bacterial intrusion

Rainard

2024

Explor Immunol

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Mammals depend on the secretion of milk to rear their offspring, which exposes the organ in charge of the function, the mammary gland (MG), to bacterial threat. The essential driving force that conditions the interactions of bacteria with the MG is the abundant secretion of milk, a nutritious fluid which endows the common mastitis-causing pathogens with a doubling time of less than 30 min. From this angle, mammals rely on a potential bacterial bioreactor for the survival of their offspring. The MG is lined with a two-layered epithelium devoid of protective mucus. This means that the mammary epithelium is exposed directly to bacteria once they have passed through the opening lactiferous canal. To cope with the threat, the MG resorts to neutrophilic inflammation to check bacterial proliferation in its lumen and at its epithelial lining. Promptness of neutrophil recruitment is a necessity, which requires a low threshold of activation on the part of the mammary epithelium. Constrained by natural selection, the MG has evolved an innate and adaptive immunity intolerant to bacteria regardless of their level of virulence. The evolutionary issue has been to find a compromise between the deleterious tissue-damaging side effects of inflammation and the maintenance of the secretory function indispensable for the offspring’s survival. It appears that the MG relies mainly on neutrophilic inflammation for its protection and is regulated by type 3 immunity. Advances in knowledge of type 3 immunity in the MG will be necessary to induce immune protection adapted to the physiology of this peculiar organ.

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A Phenotype of Mammary Intra-Epithelial Lymphocytes(mIEL) in Cows.

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Concentrations and Specific Antibodies to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin-C and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 in Bovine Mammary Gland Secretions, and Inflammatory Response to the Intramammary Inoculation of These Toxins

Concentrations and Specific Antibodies to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin-C and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 in Bovine Mammary Gland Secretions, and Inflammatory Response to the Intramammary Inoculation of These Toxins

Differential Gene Expression of Cytokine and Cell Surface Molecules in T cell Subpopulation Derived from Mammary Gland Secretion of Cows

The mammary gland is intolerant to bacterial intrusion

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