“…Within the reading component, a range of skills can be addressed, including phonological awareness, phonics, vocabulary, and comprehension. These particular domains are essential for ESS learners as they acquire language proficiency and comprehend subject matter (Fabre-Merchán et al, 2017;Jamaludin et al, 2016;Ramanair et al, 2020). Plus, ESL students may encounter difficulties when dealing with colloquial language, slang, or cultural allusions embedded within the text (Mohammed, 2018;Sivagnanam and Yunus, 2020).…”